Collaborative Research: Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipition over Summit ( ICECAPS)

该奖项由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助。该奖项支持一项实地活动，该活动将通过在格陵兰冰盖顶部的格陵兰峰会上增加云，大气和降水测量以及相关的高阶数据产品来扩大北极观测网络（AON）。拟议的仪器套件包括一个云雷达，两个微波辐射计，大气发射辐射干涉仪，X波段降水传感器，云高计，微脉冲激光雷达，和一个每天两次的无线电探空仪程序。这套先进仪器的测量结果，加上首脑会议上正在进行的一些测量结果，将被输入到一些算法中，以产生对气候有用的地球物理数据产品，支持特定于地理信息系统和整个北极的研究。数据产品将包括：（1）大气状态-对流层和平流层下部的温度和湿度廓线;（2）云的宏观物理学-云的出现、垂直边界和温度;（3）云的微观物理学-云的相态、含水量、光学深度和颗粒大小;（4）降水-降水类型和速率;云辐射强迫-云对地面辐射平衡的影响。这些产品将共同增强在北极其他地点产生的类似数据集。预计并打算让更广泛的科学界广泛使用这些数据集，以了解格陵兰冰盖和更广泛的北极盆地的气候，并验证卫星检索和格陵兰上空的模型模拟。这个奖项的“影响力”非常大。拟议的观测将有助于实现北极环境变化研究的目标。这将是格陵兰冰盖上的第一次此类测量，并将扩大现有的，尽管规模不大的，整个北极的此类测量网络。极地云特性的不确定性是目前极地气候模型的一个主要缺陷;拟议的云宏观和微观物理观测将为改进模型云算法提供一些必要的约束。本项目将为威斯康星州大学、科罗拉多大学和爱达荷州大学的研究生提供重要的野外工作和数据处理经验。此外，实地项目的数据和经验将纳入爱达荷州大学的本科课程和威斯康星州大学的夏季讲习班。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This award supports a field campaign that will expand the Arctic Observing Network (AON) by adding cloud, atmosphere, and precipitation measurements, and associated higher-order data products, to Summit, Greenland, at the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The proposed instrument suite consists of a cloud radar, two microwave radiometers, an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer, an X-band precipitation sensor, a ceilometer, a micropulse lidar, and a twice-daily radiosonde program. Measurements from this advanced suite of instruments, combined with some ongoing measurements at Summit, will be input for a number of algorithms to produce climatically useful geophysical data products to support GIS-specific and Arctic-wide research. Data products will include: (1) Atmospheric State - temperature and moisture profiles through the troposphere and lower stratosphere; (2) Cloud Macrophysics - cloud occurrence, vertical boundaries, and temperatures; (3) Cloud Microphysics - cloud phase, water content, optical depth, and particle size; (4) Precipitation - precipitation type and rate; and (5) Cloud Radiative Forcing - impact of clouds on the surface radiation balance. Together these products will augment similar data sets that are produced at other locations across the Arctic. It is anticipated and intended that these data sets will be widely used by the broader scientific community to understand the climates of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the broader Arctic Basin and to validate satellite retrievals and model simulations over Greenland. The "Broader Impacts" of this award are numerous. The proposed observations will contribute to the goals of the Study of Arctic Environmental Change (SEARCH). They will be the first of their kind on the Greenland Ice Sheet and will expand the existing, although modest, network of such measurements across the Arctic. Uncertainty in polar cloud properties is a major deficiency in current models of polar climate; the proposed observations of cloud macro- and micro-physics will provide some of the necessary constraints for improving model cloud algorithms. This project will provide important field work and data processing experience for graduate students at the University of Wisconsin, University of Colorado and University of Idaho. In addition, data and experiences from the field program will be integrated into undergraduate coursework at the University of Idaho and summer workshops at the University of Wisconsin.