Political Control of Social Integration and Rural Social Sciences 1935-1960. Research into Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Sociology in the Context of National Socialist Spatial Planning, Policy Making and Social Integration in the Former Federal

鉴于全球人口趋势和新兴工业化国家许多人生活水平的提高，人们日益重视使用自然景观、城市地区和工业场所的方式和确保对它们的保护。这也适用于农业生产用地。这种利用方式的变化及其对土地的空间影响必然会影响当地的社会结构。因此，当前空间规划对经济和社会政策的影响以及在这些进程中政治干预的选择成为高度热门的问题。这一点尤其适用于全球一级日益严重的农业部门“流离失所者”（难民）融入社会的问题。在1940年代/1950年代，为了制定政策的目的，经验社会科学已经在德国有关空间规划、融合和难民的政策范围内审查了这个问题- -尤其是为了确保他们的社会融合。因此，德国农业空间规划的历史在当前具有社会政治意义。从20世纪20年代开始，空间科学家、区域和城镇规划者相信他们可以以空间规划的形式实施社会政策。在国家社会主义时代和德意志联邦共和国，他们还继续作为政策制定方面的顾问进行活动。1945年以后，他们对现代化政策作出了一定的贡献。例如，它们对难民融入社会或建立基础设施的影响就是如此。然而，当回顾纳粹时代的发展时，应该考虑以前的一体化模式-即所谓的“成就社区”（Leistungs-Volksgemeinschaft）纳粹主义基于排斥犹太人，外国人和德国少数民族（残疾人，弱势群体，社会不适应者等）-最初是否继续对德意志联邦共和国的区域规划者产生影响，如果有，影响到什么程度。该研究项目详细审查了与农村社会科学、区域规划研究和难民状况有关的科学与政策之间的相互作用。它考虑到档案文件和最新文献。本文试图利用科学理论家路德维克·弗莱克（Ludwik Fleck）的模型，以及最近在科学史框架内关于科学与政策关系的研究方法（M. Ash， P. Weingart， M. Szöllösi-Janze， U. Geuter），来澄清是否存在一个或多个由农村地区规划者组成的思想集体。

Given global demographic trends and the improvement in living standards for many people in the newly industrialised countries, growing importance is given to the manner of usage and ensuring protection for the natural landscape, urban areas and industrial sites. This also applies to land used for agricultural production. Such changes in use with their spatial impact on the land invariably influence the social structures of the locality. The consequences of current spatial planning for economic and social policy and the options of political intervention in these processes thus become highly topical issues. This applies not least at a global level to the growing problem of the integration of 'displaced' persons (refugees) from the agricultural sector. This issue was already examined by empirical social science for the purpose of policy making during the 1940s/1950s in the context of German policy relating to spatial planning, integration and refugees - not least with the objective of ensuring their social integration. For this reason the history of agrarian spatial planning in Germany has socio-political relevance at the current time. Spatial scientists, regional and town planners who believed they could implement social policy in the form of spatial planning worked in Germany from the 1920s. They also continued their activities as advisors in terms of policy making during the era of National Socialism and in the Federal Republic of Germany. After 1945 they contributed to modernisation policy to a certain extent. This is true for example of the influence they exerted on the integration of refugees or the creation of infrastructure. However, when looking back at developments under the Nazi era, it should be considered whether the previous integration model - i.e. the so-called 'achievement community' (Leistungs-Volksgemeinschaft) of Nazism based on the exclusion of Jews, aliens and German minorities (the disabled, disadvantaged, social misfits, etc) - initially continued to have an effect on regional planners in the Federal Republic of Germany, and if so, to what extent. The study project examines in detail the interaction between science and policy in relation to rural social sciences, research into regional planning and the situation of refugees. It takes into consideration documents from archives and the latest literature. The attempt is made here to clarify whether there was one or more thought collectives made up of rural regional planners using the model of the science theorist Ludwik Fleck and more recent approaches with reference to the relationship between science and policy in the framework of the history of science (M. Ash, P. Weingart, M. Szöllösi-Janze, U. Geuter).