Beyond the Double Bind: Women of Color in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

这项研究扩展了研究人员先前由国家科学基金会支持的工作，以发展对有色人种妇女在STEM领域面临的双重束缚的理论和经验理解。也就是说，他们的种族和性别在他们通过STEM教育和职业道路时面临双重困境。拟议的研究将找出我们在理解上的差距，并找出与回答有关两难困境的悬而未决的问题有关的一些方法问题。主要的研究问题是：什么战略能使有色人种妇女在STEM学术界和职业中取得更高水平的进步？目的是更清楚地了解有色人种妇女在攻读科学和工程专业时所面临的问题，以及影响她们离开或留在STEM的因素。这项工作将采用高度结构化的叙事分析过程，以确定和量化在扩大少数族裔妇女参与STEM方面取得成功的因素。研究设计涉及两个不同的工作轨道：1)对与科学界有色人种女性相关的主要文件进行叙事分析；2)进行实地考察和采访，以了解与在本科和研究生教育中成功支持有色人种女性相关的项目的特点。第一部分旨在为第二部分提供信息，叙事性分析有助于确定在实地访问中寻找的特征，并用于制定面试协议。这项研究将侧重于在有色人种女性面临职业目标障碍时，支持她们的个人和计划因素。它审查了帮助有色人种妇女最终取得成功的体制战略和支助结构，以及影响她们教育经历的社会和教学因素。尽管有色人种妇女在过去三十年里在更公平地参与科技、经济和经济领域取得了一些进展，但为解决这一问题所作的重大努力并没有产生预期的结果；与白人妇女和非少数族裔男子相比，少数族裔妇女的代表性仍然偏低。导致参与率持续下降的因素尚不完全清楚。Beyond the Double Bind旨在改变未来项目的智力基础，使有色人种女性能够更好地在STEM取得成功。虽然重点关注有色人种妇女，但结果最终将为扩大STEM中所有妇女和少数族裔的存在的战略和方案提供参考。

This research extends the investigator's prior NSF supported work to develop theoretical and empirical understanding of the double bind faced by women of color in STEM fields. That is, their race and gender present dual dilemmas as they move through STEM educational and career paths. The proposed study will identify gaps in our understanding, and identify some of the methodological problems associated with answering outstanding questions about the double bind. The major research question is: What strategies work to enable women of color to achieve higher levels of advancement in STEM academia and professions? The goal is to bring a clearer understanding of the issues which confront women of color as they pursue study of science and engineering, and what factors influence whether they leave or remain in STEM.The work will employ a highly structured narrative analysis process to identify and quantify factors that have been successful in broadening the participation of minority women in STEM. The research design involves two separate tracks of work: 1) to conduct narrative analysis of primary documents associated with women of color in science; and 2) to conduct site visits and interviews to understand features of programs associated with successful support of women of color in undergraduate and graduate education. The first part is designed to inform the second, with the narrative analysis helping to identify features to look for in site visits and to use in development of interview protocols. This research will focus on individual and programmatic factors that sustain women of color as they confront barriers to their career goals. It examines institutional strategies and support structures that help women of color ultimately to succeed, and social and pedagogic elements that influence their educational experiences. Although women of color have made some progress over the last three decades towards more equitable participation in STEM fields, the major efforts made to address this issue have not produced the desired outcomes; minority women continue to be underrepresented relative to white women and non-minority men. The factors that account for continued lower participation rates are not yet fully understood. Beyond the Double Bind is designed to transform the intellectual basis for building future programs that will better enable women of color to be successful in STEM. While focused on women of color, the results will ultimately inform strategies and programs to expand the presence of all women and minorities in STEM.