III: Small: SPAL3D -- Design and Implementation of a Type System for Three-Dimensional Spatial Data in Databases

研究目标是设计和实现一个新的正式的数据模型和类型系统称为空间代数3D（SPAL 3D）的三维（3D）空间数据在数据库系统和地理信息系统。虽然这些系统到目前为止只关注二维空间实体，尽管有许多潜在的地球科学应用，三维（3D）数据建模和数据管理到目前为止一直被忽视。这个研究和教育项目从数据管理和数据库的角度探索复杂3D空间数据的基本属性和结构，识别它们最重要的操作和谓词，并支持它们在数据建模，表示，存储，操作和查询中的处理。SPAL 3D是可扩展的，可以添加新的类型和操作，并且可以插入到不同的DBMS中。解决办法基于三个基本支柱：（一）抽象数据模型（SPAL 3D-A），用于对三维空间数据（包括体积、表面和三维线）的综合类型系统（代数）进行严格的数学定义，（二）离散数据模型（SPAL 3D-D），用于为SPAL 3D-D的3D空间数据类型设计有效的几何数据结构。A和有效的几何算法对这些数据结构的三维操作和谓词的SPAL 3D-A，及（iii）实施及数据库整合（SPAL 3D-I）的数据结构和算法SPAL 3D-I的数据结构和算法SPAL 3D-I的数据结构和算法SPAL 3D-I的数据结构和算法D作为抽象数据类型到几种可扩展的DBMS数据模型和查询语言中。在空间数据的第三维度发挥重要作用的领域中的应用。例如，地理信息系统、气象学、飓风研究、环境监测、污染控制、土壤科学、供水和分配、渔业监测和模拟、地质学、土壤工程和采矿、地震建模和模拟等。该项目的教育部分包括侧重于该项目重要方面的专门课程，新的地理信息系统教材的创建和使用，以及学生参与跨学科研究。该项目网站（http：//www.cise.ufl.edu/FundedResearchProjects/NSF-IIS-0915914/spal3d）用于传播研究成果、教育材料、出版物、生成的数据集、制作的软件和其他感兴趣的信息。

The research objective is the design and implementation of a new formal data model and type system called Spatial Algebra 3D (SPAL3D) for three-dimensional (3D) spatial data in database systems and geographical information systems. While these systems so far focus on two-dimensional spatial entities only, despite many potential geoscience applications, three-dimensional (3D) data modeling and data management have so far been rather neglected. This research and education project explores the fundamental properties and the structure of complex 3D spatial data from a data management and database perspective, identifies their most important operations and predicates, and supports their treatment in data modeling, representation, storing, manipulation, and querying. SPAL3D is extensible, makes it possible to add new types and operations, and can be plugged into different DBMS. The solution approach is based on three three fundamental pillars: (i) an abstract data model(SPAL3D-A) for the rigorous, mathematical definition of a comprehensive type system (algebra) for 3D spatial data including volumes, surfaces, and 3D lines, (ii) a discrete data model (SPAL3D-D) for the design of effective geometric data structures for the 3D spatial data types of SPAL3D-A and on efficient geometric algorithms on these data structures for the 3D operations and predicates of SPAL3D-A, and (iii) the implementation and database integration (SPAL3D-I) of the data structures and algorithms of SPAL3D-D as abstract data types into several extensible DBMS data models and query languages.The results of this research are expected to have broad impact on applications in areas where the third dimension of spatial data plays an important role. Examples are geographical information systems, meteorology, hurricane research, environmental monitoring, pollution control, soil science, water supply and distribution, fishery monitoring and simulating, geology, soil engineering and mining, earthquake modeling and simulation, to name only a few. The educational component of this project includes specialized classes that focus on important aspects of this project, the creation and use of new GIS educational materials, and the involvement of students in interdisciplinary research. The project Website(http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~mschneid/Research/FundedResearchProjects/NSF-IIS-0915914/spal3d)is used for the dissemination of research results, educational material, publications, generated data sets, produced software, and other information of interest.