Planning and Design for the Subsurface Imaging and Sensing Experiments at the DUSEL

智力优点：“地球是深地球。“虽然科学家们可以对深空和恒星的形成进行成像，但目前还没有工具可以对地球进行数十米的成像。 我们需要的是一台哈勃望远镜，而不是远离地球，这是一种对地球内部进行高分辨率成像的工具。 通过该奖项，地下成像和传感团队将开发，联合收割机，并完善必要的科学成像地球在所需的许多尺度的深部地下科学和工程实验室（DUSEL）设施在南达科他州的霍姆斯特克矿，利用这些能力来获得岩石和岩体的理解，并利用这些发现到工程工具。 该团队使用的所有地球询问方法都严重依赖于反演方法，因为收集的数据并不直接测量感兴趣的物理量。 所提出的一套实验结合了许多方法的力量，为必要的反演提供强有力的约束，并使图像更加清晰。 Homestake矿提供了独特的设施，使这种多规模和多物理运动发生。在研究开始之前，项目团队将为所需的基础设施和安全程序制定详细的设计。 基础设施只是庞大的DUSEL事业的一小部分，需要一个完整的工作分解结构文档。 将举办几次研讨会，其中两次是为了扩大项目团队的参与，让更多的社区参与DUSEL项目，三次研讨会/设计会议将在Lead的Homestake矿举行，为整个设计过程提供真实的细节和确定性。更广泛的影响：地下成像和传感实验将产生两种影响--社会和技术影响。 在PI为他正在进行的NSF支持的DUSEL项目“走向透明地球”进行的初步接触的基础上，该天文台通过桑福德科学和教育中心，将为所有利益相关者提供终身学习体验- K-12学生和教师，每年通过黑山的数十万游客，高等教育中代表性不足的群体，和一般学生群体。 通过南达科他州矿业与技术学院、SDSTA和附近的部落学院进行的外联活动正在变得深入和实质性。 当地公民将发挥特殊作用。 在铅区存在着一个关于霍姆斯特克矿的知识体系，这是永远无法比拟的，即，许多在矿井里工作了大半辈子的人。 一个退休的Homestake矿工团队将是该项目的关键部分，以帮助使设计和规划最佳，现实和安全。除了直接成像岩石行为外，天文台还有许多技术意义，例如：（1）地下和矿山安全--更定量的方法来快速定位矿山内潜在的动态岩石破坏将是一个直接的好处，（2）地下设施的国土安全--使用互惠性来导出检测和表征地下结构和活动的方法，并研究与怀俄明州煤矿开采活动有关的爆炸，作为对核监测的贡献，以及（3）全球地震学-利用阵列的位置和深度来评估地震相的最大频率含量。

Intellectual Merit: "Geo is deep earth." While scientists can image deep space and the formation of stars, at present tools do not exist to image even tens of meters into the earth. What is needed is a Hubble telescope into, not away from, the earth - a tool for high resolution imaging of the Earth's interior. Through this award, the Subsurface Imaging and Sensing team will develop, combine, and refine the science necessary to image the earth at the many scales required for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) facility at the Homestake Mine in South Dakota, to use these abilities to gain understanding of rock and rock mass, and to leverage these discoveries into engineering tools. All the earth interrogation methods used by the team rely heavily on inversion methods because the data collected do not directly measure the physical quantity of interest. The proposed suite of experiments combines the power of many methodologies to provide strong constraints on the necessary inversions, and to bring images into sharper focus. The Homestake Mine provides the unique facility which allows this multi-scale and multi-physics campaign to happen. Prior to research commencing, the project team will develop a detailed design for the needed infrastructure and safety procedures. Infrastructure is only one small piece of the massive DUSEL undertaking, and requires a complete a work breakdown structure document. Several workshops will be held, two in order to broaden participation in the project team and involve more of the community in the DUSEL undertaking, and three workshops/design meets at the Homestake mine in Lead to provide real detail and certitude for the overall design process.Broader Impacts: The Subsurface Imaging and Sensing experiments will have two types of impact - societal and technical. Building on the initial contacts made by the PI for his ongoing NSF-supported project at DUSEL, "Towards a Transparent Earth," the observatory, through the Sanford Science and Education Center, will provide a lifelong learning experience for all stakeholders - K-12 students and teachers, the hundreds of thousands of visitors passing through the Black Hills annually, underrepresented groups in higher education, and the general student population. Outreach through the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, the SDSTA, and near-by tribal colleges, is becoming deep and substantive. Local citizens will have a special role. There exists in the Lead area a body of knowledge about the Homestake mine that will never be equaled, i.e., the many people who have spent a good part of their lives working in the mine. A team of retired Homestake miners will be a key part of the project, to help make the design and planning optimal, realistic and safe. There are many technical implications of the observatory beyond direct imaging of rock behavior, such as: (1) Underground and Mine Safety - more quantitative methods to quickly locate potential dynamic rock failure within the mine will be an immediate benefit, (2) Homeland Security of Underground Facilities - use reciprocity to derive methods to detect and characterize underground structures and activity, and study explosions associated with coal mining activity in Wyoming as contribution to nuclear monitoring, and (3) Global Seismology - take advantage of location and depth of array to assess maximum frequency content of teleseismic phases.