The Functional Interactome of Cereals with the Fungal Biotroph, Blumeria graminis

Pi：Roger P.Wise(爱荷华州立大学/USDA-ARS)Copis：Adam J.Bogdanove，Julie A.Dickerson，Daniel S.Nettleton和Adah Leshim-Ackerman(爱荷华州立大学)合作者：Pietro Span[帝国理工学院(英国)]植物病害是对全球农作物生产的最大危害之一。植物免疫系统通过对病原菌传递的病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)和效应蛋白的反应，在预防侵染中起着至关重要的作用。本项目主要研究大麦-白粉病的致病机制，以解决大麦对白粉病的敏感性和寄主抗性的基本问题。该项目将建立在最近发现的一种新的单子叶特有的富含半胱氨酸的多肽家族的基础上，该家族被命名为Blufensins。Blufensin1(Bln1)在真菌侵染过程中负向调节植物的防御。BLN1被预测是分泌的，包含与结蛋白的结构和序列相似之处，结蛋白是一种小的富含二硫键的蛋白质，其特征是独特的“通过二硫键打结的二硫键”。该项目团队将对寄主(大麦)和非寄主(玉米和水稻)与白粉病的相互作用进行比较分析，这定义了谷物与这种重要真菌病原体的相互作用。Bln1沉默的植物将被Barley 1基因芯片转录谱询问，以确定在调节寄主先天免疫方面有意义的新基因。将与国际合作者开展互补性研究，领导白粉病基因组序列联盟分离白粉病效应子，然后用于识别促进或抑制防御的重要植物靶标。为此，该项目将使用一种新的Xanthomonas Type III分泌物输送载体来确定植物细胞的功能。将在所有三种谷物中进行效应器的表征，以识别和比较控制寄主和非寄主相互作用的植物基因。高通量反向遗传工具将被用来对通过Bln1和白粉病效应器方法识别的基因进行功能表征。数据将被整合到植物和植物病原体的统一基因表达资源PLEXDB(http://plexdb.org/)，)中，用于遗传和调控网络分析。通过将本科生和研究生、博士后和NSF/NIH CSBSI生物信息学暑期实习生的培训和指导纳入项目，将产生更广泛的影响。在白粉病效应预测(英国)和功能分析(美国)方面的国际研究交流将增进研究生和博士后的经验。此外，还将与得梅因学区合作，实施农业和人类健康中的基因表达和分离分析生物课堂单元，从而使中等科学教育中代表性不足和服务不足的学生参与进来。将通过植物和植物病原菌基因表达的PLEXDB在线关系数据库以及NCBI-GEO(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/).)促进公众获取所有项目数据因此，该项目将促进研究、教育和向广大受众传播成果，同时培养新一代农业科学家。

PI: Roger P. Wise (Iowa State University/USDA-ARS)CoPIs: Adam J. Bogdanove, Julie A. Dickerson, Daniel S. Nettleton, and Adah Leshem-Ackerman (Iowa State University)Collaborator: Pietro Spanu [Imperial College (UK)]Plant diseases are among the greatest detriments to crop production worldwide. The plant immune system plays a crucial role in preventing infection by responding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and effector proteins delivered by the pathogen. This project focuses on the well-characterized barley-powdery mildew pathosystem to address fundamental questions in susceptibility and host resistance. The project will build upon the recent discovery of a new monocot-specific family of cysteine-rich peptides, designated blufensins. Blufensin1 (Bln1) negatively regulates plant defense during fungal infection. BLN1 is predicted to be secreted, and contains both structural and sequence similarities to knottins, small disulfide-rich proteins characterized by a unique "disulfide through disulfide knot." The project team will perform comparative analysis of host (barley) versus nonhost (maize and rice) interactions with powdery mildew that define the interactome of cereals with this important fungal pathogen. Plants silenced for Bln1 will be interrogated by Barley1 GeneChip transcript profiling to identify significant new genes in the regulation of host innate immunity. Complementary investigations will be carried out with international collaborators that lead the powdery mildew genome sequence consortium to isolate powdery mildew effectors, which will then be used to identify important plant targets that promote or suppress defense. For this, the project will employ a new Xanthomonas type III secretion delivery vector to determine function in plant cells. Characterization of effectors will be carried out in all three cereals to identify and compare plant genes that govern host and non-host interactions. High-throughput reverse genetic tools will be utilized to functionally characterize genes identified via the Bln1- and powdery mildew effector-based approaches. Data will be integrated into PLEXdb (http://plexdb.org/), the unified gene expression resource for plants and plant pathogens, for genetic and regulatory network analysis. Broader impacts will be achieved by integrating into the project training and mentoring for undergraduate and graduate students, postdocs, and NSF/NIH CSBSI summer interns in Bioinformatics. International research exchanges in powdery mildew effector prediction (UK) and functional analysis (USA) will enhance the experiences of graduate students and postdocs. In addition, underrepresented and underserved students in secondary science education will be engaged by partnering with the Des Moines School District to implement a biology classroom module on Gene Expression and Segregation Analysis in agriculture and human health. Public access to all project data will be fostered through the PLEXdb on-line relational database for gene expression for plants and plant pathogens as well as NCBI-GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Thus, this project will promote research, education, and dissemination of results to a broad audience, while developing a new generation of agricultural scientists.