Functional Genomics of Plant Disease Defense Pathways

植物病害防御途径的功能基因组学

• 批准号: 0500461
• 负责人: Roger Wise
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0500461&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Genomics; Plant; Disease; Defense

Plant diseases are among the greatest deterrents to crop production worldwide. Hence, major efforts have been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of genetic resistance and incorporating them into breeding programs to offset yield loss caused by pathogens. This project will focus on the well-characterized, barley-powdery mildew pathosystem to address fundamental questions in host-plant resistance. In this model system, resistance to the obligate fungal pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, is controlled by the specific combinations of barley resistance genes, designated Ml, and corresponding powdery mildew avirulence genes, designated AvrMl. The overall objective of this proposal is to utilize functional genomics tools and resources available to barley, rice, and the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, to accelerate comparative analysis of disease defense pathways important in agriculture. The team will exploit the detailed molecular genetics of Mla-specified, barley-powdery mildew interactions as a launching point to investigate defense gene function across wide taxonomic boundaries. In years 1 & 2, the team will take advantage of the publicly available Barley1 GeneChip, a uniform RNA profiling platform that allows the investigation of 22,000 cereal genes in a single experiment. Near-isogenic barley lines that possess various Mla resistance alleles and associated mutants will be utilized to identify significant new genes in disease resistance networks. Project data will be integrated into BarleyBase (http://barleybase.org/) to facilitate the bioinformatic and statistical analysis of co-regulated genes. In years 2 to 4, high-throughput reverse genetic systems in barley and Arabidopsis will be used to functionally validate candidate genes in resistance pathways of both monocot and dicot plants. Phenotypic data from these studies will establish the contributions of individual genes to overall resistance responses. Broader impacts of the proposed project will be accomplished via active participation in the "Molecular Biotechnology and Genomics" NSF-REU Center, the Program for Women in Science and Engineering, and the NSF-NIH-BBSI summer institute in Bioinformatics at Iowa State University, where science-bound undergraduates who do not have the opportunity to participate in research at their home institutions will be involved. Outreach to secondary school students will be undertaken by hosting grade 7-12 biology teachers in participating laboratories for summer internships through the NSF-RET program (http://www.plantgenomeoutreach.eeob.iastate.edu/). This multi-disciplinary team will provide advanced training opportunities for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers that integrate genomics, plant-pathogen interactions, statistics, and bioinformatics. This will be enhanced by worldwide public access to all project data through the on-line relational database for cereal microarrays, BarleyBase, as well as ArrayExpress, and NCBI-GEO. Thus, these activities will promote research, education, and dissemination of our results to a broad audience, while developing a new generation of agricultural scientists.

植物病害是全世界农作物生产的最大障碍之一。 因此，人们一直致力于了解遗传抗性的机制，并将其纳入育种计划，以抵消病原体造成的产量损失。该项目将集中在充分表征的大麦-白粉病致病系统，以解决宿主植物抗性的基本问题。 在该模型系统中，对专性真菌病原体，小麦白粉病菌f。大麦白粉病的抗性基因（命名为Ml）和相应的白粉病无毒力基因（命名为AvrMl）的特定组合控制。该提案的总体目标是利用大麦、水稻和模式双子叶植物拟南芥的功能基因组学工具和资源，加速农业中重要的疾病防御途径的比较分析。该团队将利用Mla指定的大麦-白粉病相互作用的详细分子遗传学作为出发点，研究跨越广泛分类界限的防御基因功能。 在第12年，该团队将利用公开的Barley 1基因芯片，这是一个统一的RNA分析平台，可以在一个实验中研究22，000个谷物基因。 近等基因大麦品系，具有各种Mla抗性等位基因和相关的突变体将被用来确定重要的新基因的抗病网络。 项目数据将被整合到BarleyBase（http：//barleybase.org/）中，以促进共调控基因的生物信息学和统计分析。 在第2 - 4年，大麦和拟南芥的高通量反向遗传系统将用于功能验证单子叶和双子叶植物抗性途径中的候选基因。 来自这些研究的表型数据将确定单个基因对总体抗性反应的贡献。拟议项目的更广泛影响将通过积极参与“分子生物技术和基因组学”NSF-REU中心、妇女科学和工程项目以及爱荷华州州立大学的NSF-NIH-BBSI生物信息学暑期研究所来实现，在那里，没有机会参加家乡机构研究的理科本科生将参与其中。 将通过国家科学基金-可再生能源技术方案（http：//www.plantgenomeoutreach.eeob.iastate.edu/），在参与的实验室接待7-12年级生物学教师进行暑期实习，以此向中学生进行推广。 这个多学科团队将为研究生和博士后研究人员提供先进的培训机会，整合基因组学，植物-病原体相互作用，统计学和生物信息学。 通过谷物微阵列、BarleyBase、ArrayExpress和NCBI-GEO的在线关系数据库，全世界公众可以获得所有项目数据，这将加强这一点。 因此，这些活动将促进研究，教育和传播我们的成果给广大观众，同时培养新一代的农业科学家。