A Biographical Study of Dr. Martin Lister (1638-1712).

该项目将为马丁·李斯特博士（1638-1712）的第一本科学传记进行研究，他是英国皇家学会副主席、皇家医生，也是第一位贝壳学家和蛛形动物学家。它将阐述李斯特对自然史的研究在多大程度上是文艺复兴时期博物学家和启蒙运动时期的博物学家（如林奈和布冯）之间的概念桥梁。就像200年后的达尔文一样，李斯特成年后的大部分时间都与探险家和科学家通信（超过1000封幸存的信件），他们为他提供了来自世界各地的标本、观察结果和地方记录。他的研究影响了牙买加、美国、巴巴多斯、法国、意大利、荷兰、中国和他的祖国英国，他的研究是真正的跨文化研究。这本传记研究和思想史也将提供一幅前所未有的画面，说明在17世纪的文学共和国，成为一名艺术大师意味着什么。丰富的档案资料表明，李斯特是考古学、医学和化学领域的创新者，罗伯特·博伊尔认为他是一名科学家。穿刺睿智。虽然李斯特发现了气球蜘蛛，他对软体动物的研究在200年里都是标准的，但他还发明了直方图，为艾萨克·牛顿爵士提供了望远镜所用的化学方法和合金，考古研究是否证明了约克？它的城墙是罗马的，收到了中国人接种天花疫苗的第一份报告，并向阿什莫尔博物馆捐赠了第一批重要的自然历史收藏品。他的信件显示，他参与了早期皇家学会的日常管理，揭示了一些不为人知的世界内部运作。美国第一个科学社会。这个故事有一个引人入胜的潜台词：李斯特十几岁的女儿安娜和苏珊娜，为他的软体动物杰作雕刻了1000多盘贝壳，雕刻了安东尼·范·列文虎克？他为英国皇家学会绘制了显微插图，并亲自使用了显微镜。女性在社会中的重要性？科学革命?从未如此清晰。正如李斯特是第一个对蜘蛛和它们的网进行系统研究的人一样，这本传记将第一个分析他作为科学家的生活中重要的知识、赞助、家庭和性别关系的网络，呈现出具有广泛吸引力的早期科学研究的人文主义观点。

This project is to carry out research for what will be the first scientific biography of Dr. Martin Lister (1638-1712), vice-president of the Royal Society, Royal Physician, and the first conchologist and arachnologist. It will address the extent to which Lister's study of natural history is a conceptual bridge between the work of Renaissance naturalists and those of the Enlightenment, such as Linnaeus and Buffon. Like Darwin two hundred years later, Lister corresponded most of his adult life (over 1000 surviving letters) with explorers and scientists who provided him specimens, observations, and locality records from all over the world. The impact of his work extended into Jamaica, America, Barbados, France, Italy, the Netherlands, China, and his native England, his research truly cross-cultural.This biographical study and intellectual history will also provide an unprecedented picture of what it meant to be a virtuoso in the seventeenth-century republic of letters. Rich archival resources show that Lister was an innovator in archaeology, medicine and chemistry, Robert Boyle considering him an investigator of ?piercing sagacity.? Though Lister is known to have discovered ballooning spiders and his work on molluscs was standard for 200 years, he also invented the histogram, provided Sir Isaac Newton with chemical procedures and alloys for his telescopic mirrors, did archaeological studies demonstrating York?s walls were Roman, received the first reports of Chinese smallpox vaccination, and donated the first significant natural history collections to the Ashmolean Museum. His letters reveal he was involved in the day-to-day administration of the early Royal Society in its formative years, revealing some of the unknown internal workings of the world?s first scientific society.There is a fascinating subtext to this story: Lister's teenage daughters, Anna and Susannah, engraved over 1000 plates of shells for his masterwork on molluscs, engraved Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?s microscopic illustrations for the Royal Society, and used microscopes themselves. The importance of women in the ?scientific revolution? has never been clearer. Just as Lister was the first to make a systematic study of spiders and their webs, this biography will be first to analyze the significant webs of knowledge, patronage, and familial and gender relationships that governed his life as a scientist, presenting a humanistic view of early science studies with broad appeal.