Role of Ice in High Latitude Nitrogen Atmospheric Chemistry

该项目由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助，将通过测量近地表夜间氮氧化物水平，通过稳态分析量化其寿命，并将其损失率与各种冰的存在相关联，研究冬季高纬度地区氮氧化物的去除过程。这将在两次实地活动中进行。在秋季，边界层分层较少，梯度法将用于量化五氧化二氮的沉积通量的积雪。在春季，边界层往往是非常分层，允许空气采样与地面接触很少从中等高度塔（10米）。能见度测量和显微镜将用于量化悬浮冰粒表面积和大小分布。这些全面的数据集将用于解决哪些类型的冰面是高纬度夜间五氧化二氮损失的主要原因的问题。这些重要的机制将在天气研究和化学预报（WRF-Chem）模型中得到实施和测试。北极的污染是一个日益严重的问题，由于气候变化和跨北极航运等工业变化以及矿产勘探和开采的增加，这一问题可能会加剧。通过研究这些条件下氮氧化物污染的命运，该项目将提高规划者，监管机构和工业利益相关者考虑污染对北极影响的能力。该研究小组正在与其他研究人员和监管机构合作，研究费尔班克斯的颗粒污染，这违反了颗粒物标准，并将该项目的工作与这些颗粒研究相结合。两名学生和一名博士后将通过该项目接受大气化学方面的培训，公众将通过博客参与实地活动。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This project will study the processes that remove nitrogen oxides in high latitudes during winter by measuring near-surface nocturnal nitrogen oxide levels, quantifying their lifetimes through a steady-state analysis, and correlating their loss rate to the presence of various types of ice. This will be done during two field campaigns. During autumn, the boundary layer is less stratified and a gradient method will be used to quantify the deposition flux of dinitrogen pentoxide to the snowpack. During spring, the boundary layer is often very stratified, allowing sampling of air with little ground contact from a moderate-height tower (10 meters). Visibility measurements and microscopy will be used to quantify suspended ice particle surface area and size distributions. These comprehensive data sets will be used to address the question of what types of ice surfaces are primarily responsible for dinitrogen pentoxide losses during high-latitude nighttime. The important mechanisms will be implemented and tested in the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model.Pollution in the Arctic is an increasing problem that may accelerate due to climate changes and industrial changes like trans-Arctic shipping and increased mineral exploration and extraction. By studying the fate of nitrogen oxide pollution under these conditions, this project will enhance the ability of planners, regulators, and industrial stakeholders to consider impacts of pollution on the Arctic. The research team is engaged with other researchers and with regulators studying particulate pollution in Fairbanks, which is now in violation of particulate matter standards, and will integrate the project's work with these particulate studies. Two students and a postdoctoral associate will be trained in atmospheric chemistry through this project, and the public will be engaged through blogging of field campaigns as they happen.