Collaborative Research: Management and Logistics Operations for the U.S. GEOTRACES Zonal North Atlantic Survey Section

众所周知，微量元素在生物循环中发挥着重要的营养作用，特别是在公海的酶和催化过程中。同位素是这些过程和相关过程的宝贵示踪物，也是海洋与大气和固体地球相互作用的宝贵示踪物，而大气和固体地球反过来又在塑造海洋内许多微量元素分布方面发挥作用。然而，无论是在我们对海洋中这些元素(痕量元素和同位素)更大范围分布的了解方面，还是在我们对造成这些分布的过程的理解方面，都存在重大差距。这一不足对与广泛的智力和社会问题有关的许多科学努力有影响，包括碳循环和气候变化，以及海洋食物网和对海洋的直接人为影响。采样和分析技术的最新进展，再加上对海洋生物地球化学循环中TEI作用的更好理解，为我们提供了纠正这一问题的机会。此外，我们的动机是持续的全球变化的前景，以及了解海洋生物地球化学循环目前和未来的工作机制的需要。在这个项目中，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所、麻省理工学院和老道明大学的研究人员将获得资金，作为全球调查的一部分，处理与北大西洋第一个美国GEOTRACES地带性区段相关的管理和后勤工作。在这种支持下，他们将：1)组织和安排52天的研究巡航；2)管理船上的水样，包括Go-Flo和Niskin瓶操作的QA/QC(质量评估和控制)；3)获取、存储和运回美国的痕量金属清洁水样；4)使用船上的锌测量监测痕量金属清洁样本；5)获取、质量控制和管理水文数据(包括CTD、透射计、荧光计、氧电极数据、离散样本盐度和溶解氧测量，以及微摩尔和纳米摩尔无机营养物质)；6)质量保证/质量控制船上测量并向GEOTRACES数据库提交数据；7)为邮轮参与者和出版物编写一份框架水文报告/综合报告；8)协调邮轮前后的会议。邮轮航道和站点位置的设计是为了突出关键过程和确定关键TEIS分布的主要特征。更广泛的影响：人们普遍认为，海洋生物地球化学研究界需要了解地球物理系统的主要和辅助性质的全球图景；该项目的主要影响将是为该社区提供服务。这项服务将使我们能够开发更好的海洋生物地球化学模型，以便我们能够评估未来气候变化和人为污染的可能影响，并为理解在过去海洋中观察到的变化提供基础。建立一个可靠的微量金属和同位素取样平台和程序，将为该社区今后的海洋实地工作提供一个平台。了解适当采样和测量技术的团队的发展，其中许多将是研究生和博士后，将为社区提供实现下一代海洋研究计划目标所需的技能池。

Trace elements are known to play important roles as nutrients in biological cycling, particularly in regard to enzymatic and catalytic processes in the open ocean. Isotopes are valuable tracers of these and related processes, and of the ocean's interaction with the atmosphere and the solid earth, which in turn play a role in shaping many trace element distributions within the ocean. Nevertheless, significant gaps exist in both our knowledge of the larger scale distributions of these TEIs (trace elements and isotopes) in the ocean and in our understanding of the processes responsible for those distributions. This shortfall has implications for numerous scientific endeavors that are relevant to a broad range of intellectual and societal issues, including the carbon cycle and climate change, as well as the marine food web and direct anthropogenic impacts on the oceans. Recent advances in sampling and analytical techniques coupled with a better understanding of the roles of TEIs in ocean biogeochemical cycles present us with an opportunity to rectify this problem. Moreover, we are motivated by the prospect of ongoing global change and the need to understand the present and future workings of the ocean's biogeochemical cycles. In this project, researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Old Dominion University will be funded to handle the management and logistics associated with the first US GEOTRACES zonal section in the North Atlantic as part of a global survey. With this support they will: 1) organize and mount a 52 day research cruise; 2) manage on-board water sampling, including GO-Flo and Niskin bottle operational QA/QC (quality assessment and control); 3) 0btain, store, and ship back to the U.S. trace-metal clean water samples; 4) monitor trace-metal clean sampling using on-board Zn measurements; 5) acquire, quality control and manage hydrographic data (including CTD, transmissometer, fluorometer, oxygen electrode data, discrete sample salinity and dissolved oxygen measurements, and micromolar and nanomolar inorganic nutrients); 6) QA/QC shipboard measurements and submit data to the GEOTRACES data repository; 7) prepare a framework hydrographic report/synthesis for cruise participants and publication; and 8) coordinate pre- and post-cruise meetings The cruise track and station locations were designed to highlight key processes and identify the major features of key TEIs distributions. Broader Impacts: It is widely agreed that the ocean biogeochemical research community needs a global picture of the key and ancillary GEOTRACES properties; the major impact of this project will be in its service to that community. This service will enable the development of better ocean biogeochemical models so that we can assess the likely impact of future climate change and anthropogenic pollution, and provide a basis for understanding changes observed in past oceans. The development of a reliable platform and procedures for sampling trace metals and isotopes will provide the community with a platform for future oceanographic fieldwork. The development of teams that understand the proper sampling and measurement techniques, many of whom will be graduate students and postdocs, will supply the community with a pool of skills necessary to achieve the goals of the next generation of ocean research programs.