SSWAP: Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol

“这项奖励是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。”亚利桑那大学获得了一笔拨款，用于开发工具，使生物学家能够更好地整合网络数据和服务。该项目有三个具体目标。首先，它将开发本体作为语义web服务的“货币”。历史上，本体被构建为知识的静态分类，但现在需要重构，以便有效地将它们用于数据和服务集成。其次，它将推动语义搜索作为一种改变生物学发现和服务参与的方法。这是通过将语义搜索从显式本体包含断言扩展到完全隐式包含关系来实现的。语义搜索呢?这项工作最具创新性和最强大的贡献是什么？使用本体将数据和服务统一到具有逻辑推理的可搜索知识库中。最后，它将把教育、拓展和培训作为语义web服务开发的一个组成部分整合起来。该项目将与圣约翰学院和国家基因组资源中心合作开展这些活动。特别是对于主要信息资源的开发人员，此培训组件向从业者介绍语义web服务的使用和实现。该资助产品的访问将在http://sswap.info上提供。方法是要认识到，对生物学的大部分来说，数据发现、访问和同化的信息媒介是万维网。万维网意味着数据和算法？服务？现在是，并将继续是分布的，异构的，往往是持久的，但也是动态的，有时是短暂的；信息学领域之上的集成意味着我们需要解决公共语法、共享语义和按需发现方面的基本问题。语义web服务，以及对资源进行语义搜索并与之互动的能力，其价值超越了生物学。通过这种方式，这项工作将网络推向了一个分布式的、适合机器推理的逻辑网络。

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."The University of Arizona is awarded a grant to develop tools that enable biologists to better integrate web data and services. The project has three specific goals. First, it will develop ontologies as the "currency" of semantic web services. Ontologies were historically built as static categorizations of knowledge, yet now need to be re-factored in order to use them effectively for data and service integration. Second, it will advance semantic searching as a method to transform discovery and service engagement in biology. This is achieved by extending semantic searching from explicit ontology subsumption assertions to full implicit subsumption relations. Semantic searching?the most innovative and powerful contribution of this work?unites data and services using ontologies into a searchable knowledge base complete with logical inference. Finally, it will integrate education, outreach, and training as an integral part of development in semantic web services. The project will carry out these activities in collaboration with St. John's College and the National Center for Genome Resources. Particularly for developers at major information resources, this training component introduces practitioners to the use and implementation of semantic web services. Access to the products of this grant will be available at http://sswap.info. The approach is to recognize that for much of biology the information medium for data discovery, access, and assimilation is the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web means that data and algorithms?services?are, and will continue to be, distributed, heterogeneous, and often persistent, yet also dynamic and sometimes ephemeral; that integration on top of this informatics landscape means that we need to address fundamental issues in common syntaxes, shared semantics, and on-demand discovery. Semantic web services, and the ability to semantically search for resources and engage them have value beyond biology. In this manner, the work moves the web towards a distributed, logical network amenable to machine reasoning.