RUI: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH. Non-uniform distribution of muscle fiber strain in squid mantle muscle: implications for musculoskeletal system structure, function, and evolution.

瑞：合作研究。鱿鱼外套肌中肌纤维应变的不均匀分布：对肌肉骨骼系统结构、功能和进化的影响。约瑟夫·T·汤普森(富兰克林和马歇尔学院)和威廉·M·基尔(北卡罗来纳大学)，合作伙伴。建议#IOS-0950827摘要软体无脊椎动物身体和肌肉器官的中空圆柱形非常适合骨骼支持、运动和运动功能。然而，这种无处不在的形状可能会招致以前未被认识到的成本--身体周围排列的肌肉细胞之间在缩短方面存在巨大的不均匀。这种不一致性对肌肉、结缔组织和肌肉器官的神经控制系统造成了严重的问题，并可能迫使身体壁某些区域的肌肉细胞在运动和运动过程中以降低机械效率的方式运行。我们已经发现了一种中空的圆柱形肌肉器官--鱿鱼的外套膜，在该器官中，位于不同位置的周向肌肉细胞可能会产生不同数量的力，以不同的速度缩短，并在管体的一次收缩中产生不同量的机械功。我们将使用形态学、肌电图学和生物力学的方法来研究这些潜在的问题，并确定在地幔的骨骼支持系统中可能缓解这些问题的机制。我们的工作结果有望揭示骨骼支持系统的新的一般功能原理，不仅适用于软体无脊椎动物，也适用于所有具有圆柱形肌肉器官的动物。我们的研究将为来自不同种族背景的本科生和研究生提供学习运动学、肌肉生理学和显微镜方面的实验技术的机会。此外，我们的学生参与者将获得关于科学的协作和综合性质的经验，因为他们与来自不同机构的同行合作收集和分析数据，并在国家和地方科学会议上展示他们的工作结果。

RUI: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH. Non-uniform distribution of muscle fiber strain in squid mantle muscle: implications for musculoskeletal system structure, function, and evolution. Joseph T. Thompson (Franklin & Marshall College) and William M. Kier (University of North Carolina), Co-PIs.Proposal # IOS-0950827AbstractThe hollow, cylindrical shape of the bodies and muscular organs of soft-bodied invertebrate animals is well suited to functions in skeletal support, movement and locomotion. This ubiquitous shape, however, may incur a previously unrecognized cost - large non-uniformities in shortening among the muscle cells arranged circumferentially around the body. Such non-uniformities pose serious problems for the muscles, connective tissues, and neural control systems of the muscular organ, and may force muscle cells in some regions of the body wall to operate with reduced mechanical efficiency during locomotion and movement. We have identified a hollow cylindrical muscular organ, the mantle of squids, in which circumferential muscle cells at different locations likely produce different amounts of force, shorten at different velocities, and generate different amounts of mechanical work during a single contraction of the tubular body. We will use morphological, electromyographic, and biomechanical approaches to investigate these potential problems and identify mechanisms in the skeletal support system of the mantle that may mitigate them. The results of our work promise to reveal new general principles of function for skeletal support systems, not just for soft-bodied invertebrates but for all animals with cylindrical muscular organs. Our research will provide opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students from diverse ethnic backgrounds to learn experimental techniques in kinematics, muscle physiology, and microscopy. Furthermore, our student participants will gain experience in the collaborative and integrative nature of science as they work in teams with peers from different institutions to collect and analyze data, and present the results of their work at national and local scientific conferences.