Collaborative Research: LiT: Effects of Temperature and Elevated CO2 Levels on Biomineralization and Metabolic Physiology of Marine Bivalves

项目标题：合作研究：LIT：温度和二氧化碳水平升高对海洋生物矿化和代谢生理学的影响PRINCIPAL调查人员：Inna Sokolova和Elia BeniashPRINCIPAL项目编号：IOS-0951079和IOS-0951139二氧化碳水平增加导致的全球气候变化预计将显著改变全球生物多样性。由于“温室效应”和海水酸化导致的气候变暖，海洋生态系统受到影响，因为较高的二氧化碳分压会导致碳酸钙(CaCO3)饱和度降低。海洋生物，特别是构成CaCO3骨架的珊瑚和软体动物等钙化物，受到这些变化的不利影响，但二氧化碳水平升高对它们的生理和钙化的影响尚不清楚。海洋钙化物产生两种类型的碳酸钙：文石和方解石。据推测，由于文石比方解石更易溶，高海水二氧化碳水平对文石生物的影响比那些有方解石骨架的生物更大。该项目研究了三种常见的北美软体动物，它们具有不同的贝壳矿物学：东方牡蛎(钙质)、硬壳文蛤(文石)和蓝色贻贝(混合钙质/文石)。研究人员将使用最先进的分析方法来确定高温和二氧化碳如何影响这些物种的贝壳形成、矿物学、结构和机械性能，以及这些物种的生存能力、生长、能量代谢和钙化相关基因的表达。这项研究将为温度和二氧化碳水平对三种重要软体动物的能量代谢和贝壳钙化的影响提供新的见解。这三种软体动物代表沿海生态系统中主要的钙化生物，也是渔业和水产养殖的关键物种。拟议的研究还将为海洋碳循环模型提供数据，并有助于预测气候变化对世界各地海洋生态系统和沿海经济的影响。该项目为本科生、研究生、博士后和K-12学生提供培训机会，通过同行和实践项目、课程开发改善学习，并将加强北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校、匹兹堡大学和约翰逊·C·史密斯大学之间的合作。

PROJECT TITLE: Collaborative Research: LiT: Effects of Temperature and Elevated CO2 Levels on Biomineralization and Metabolic Physiology of Marine BivalvesPRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Inna Sokolova and Elia BeniashPROJECT NUMBER: IOS-0951079 and IOS-0951139 Global climate change driven by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is expected to significantly change biodiversity worldwide. Marine ecosystems are affected by warming due to the "greenhouse effect" and acidification of seawater, because higher partial pressure of CO2 causes a decrease in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation. Marine organisms, especially calcifiers such as corals and mollusks that build CaCO3 skeletons, are adversely affected by these changes, but effects of elevated CO2 levels on their physiology and calcification are not well understood. Marine calcifiers produce two types of CaCO3: aragonite and calcite. It is hypothesized that high sea water CO2 levels will affect aragonite-producing organisms more than those with calcite skeletons, since aragonite is more soluble than calcite. This project studies three common North American mollusk species with different shell mineralogies: eastern oysters (calcitic), hard shell clams (aragonitic), and blue mussels (mixed calcitic/aragonitic). Investigators will use state-of-the-art analysis to determine how elevated temperature and CO2 affect shell formation, mineralogy, structural and mechanical properties, as well as survivability, growth, energy metabolism and expression of calcification-related genes in these species.This study will provide new insights into the effects of temperature and CO2 level on energy metabolism and shell calcification in three important mollusk species representing the major calcifiers in coastal ecosystems as well as key species for fisheries and aquaculture. The proposed studies will also provide data for the marine carbon cycle models and help to predict effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and coastal economies worldwide. The project provides training opportunities for undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral and K-12 students with improved learning through peer- and hands-on programs, curriculum development and will strengthen collaborations among UNC Charlotte, University of Pittsburgh and Johnson C. Smith University.