Video Analysis of Science Teaching: Developing a Shared ?Words-to-images? Analytical Tool

由于缺乏优秀的科学教学形象的共享，限制了对科学教学的研究。尽管人们普遍认为，科学教育研究应该帮助教师以与改革文件一致的方式授课，但研究人员对课堂上什么是探究的解释存在很大差异。由于缺乏共享的“文字到图像”的语言，研究结果很难解释，因为使用了相似的单词，但它们并不与相似的图像联系在一起。此外，由于每个研究项目都制定了自己的分析方案和编码方案，因此很难进行跨项目比较。最后，由于缺乏共同的语言，很难向从业者、政策制定者和公众传达研究结果。这项研究提出了一种独特的方法来解决科学教学研究中的一个关键问题，以打破科学教育研究的“竖井”方法，并论证了开发可用于各种调查的共识分析工具和语言的可行性。跨研究使用这些通用工具将提高科学教育研究的质量和影响，并改善研究与实践的交流。视频技术，包括在线可访问性，通过开发共享的文字到图像语言和分析工具，提供了提高科学教育研究质量的机会。科学教学的录像带使研究人员能够对科学教学进行更严格、详细和揭示的分析，协作观看课程视频挑战研究人员锐化定义和描述。此外，几项大规模的科学教学研究，包括TIMSS视频研究，为拟议的共识建立提供了坚实的基础。该项目将吸引不同的科学教育工作者开发一种基于共识的图像语言，用于描述科学教学的5-10个关键方面。这种语言和视频图像将在《科学教学视频分析指南》中进行描述。该指南在帮助不同的科学教育工作者可靠地编写视频示例方面的有效性将在试点和实地测试研究中进行测试。对当前方法和工具的文献回顾将启动合作进程。在为期两年的时间里，研究小组将与代表科学教育界各种观点的10位顶尖科学教育家组成的专家小组合作，以：a)选择科学教学的关键特征，b)开发一种共识语言来描述课程视频中选定的课程特征，以及c)开发和修订编码手册，以指导对课程视频中选定特征的分析。视频分析手册和视频示例将使用一个受密码保护的在线网站进行两轮测试和修改：1)由25名主要科学教育工作者组成的不同团体参加的试点测试；2)有50名参与者参加的国家实地测试，他们反映了科学教育界的多样性。这些测试将评估手册和视频示例在帮助科学教育界的不同成员开发共享的文字到图像语言方面的有效性。

Research on science teaching is limited by the lack of shared images of excellent science teaching looks like. Despite wide consensus that science education research should help teachers teach in ways consistent with reform documents, researchers vary widely in their interpretation of what counts as inquiry in the classroom. This lack of a shared "words-to-images" language makes findings difficult to interpret because similar words are used but they are not anchored to similar images. In addition, because each research project develops its own analysis protocols and coding schemes, cross-project comparisons are difficult. Finally, the lack of a shared language makes it difficult to communicate research results to practitioners, policymakers, and the general public. This study proposes a unique approach to addressing a critical problem in research on science teaching to break down the "silo" approach to science education research and demonstrate the feasibility of developing consensus analytical tools and language that can be used in a wide variety of investigations. Use of these common tools across studies will improve the quality and impact of science education research and improve the communication of research to practice.Video technology, including online accessibility, provides the opportunity to improve science education research quality by developing a shared words-to-images language and analytical tool. Videotapes of science teaching enable researchers to conduct more rigorous, detailed, and revealing analyses of science teaching, and collaborative viewing of lesson video challenges researchers to sharpen definitions and descriptions. In addition, several large-scale studies of science teaching, including the TIMSS video study, provide a strong foundation for the proposed consensus-building.This project will engage diverse science educators in developing a consensus image-based language for describing 5-10 key aspects of science teaching. This language,accompanied by video images, will be described in a Guide for Video Analysis of Science Teaching. The effectiveness of the guide in helping diverse science educators to code video examples reliably will be tested in pilot and field test studies.A literature review of current methods and tools will start the collaborative process. Across a 2-year period, the research team will work with an Expert Panel of 10 leading science educators representing the full range of perspectives in the science education community to:a) select key features of science teaching, b) develop a consensus language for describing the selected lesson features in lesson videos, and c) develop and revise a coding manual to guide analysis of the selected features in lesson videos. The video analysis manual and video examples will go through two rounds of testing and revision using an online, password-protected website: 1) a pilot test involving a diverse group of 25 leading science educators, and 2) a national field test involving 50 participants who reflect the diversity of the science education community. These tests will assess the effectiveness of the manual and video examples in helping diverse members of the science education community develop a shared words-to-images language.