CNH: Removal and Restoration: Social, Economic and Ecological Dynamics of Invasive Spartina in San Francisco Bay

许多入侵物种对生物多样性和生态系统功能有严重的负面影响，控制或扭转其传播的努力可能代价高昂，需要多个机构之间的协调。该项目整合了生物学、数学、经济学和政治学的工具，以回答围绕旧金山湾入侵和高影响的东方光滑Cordgras，Spartina spp的几个关键和相互关联的问题。人类干预可以减轻影响的两种方式是根除入侵者和恢复栖息地。这是一个复杂的问题，空间联系源于斯巴迪纳的生物学和影响，以及管理机构和负责当局的空间马赛克。该项目将侧重于三个问题：1)根除入侵物种和随后恢复的动力是什么？2)如何设计一个根除入侵物种和随后恢复的计划，同时考虑到经济学和生态学？3)根除和恢复政策如何依赖于多个政府和非政府利益攸关方的集体行动？该项目将开发适用于入侵物种可能对生物和非生物环境产生长期持久影响的广泛系统以及受人类影响并可能出现潜在不可逆性的更广泛的自然系统的通用模型。根除入侵的斯巴达是西海岸总督关于海洋健康的协议最近确定的首要优先事项之一，该协议规定了到2018年从太平洋海岸根除入侵的斯巴达。该项目将为旧金山湾和其他西海岸河口的控制和恢复工作提供具体指导，并将为几名研究生、本科生和博士后学者提供跨学科研究培训。外展将向公众提供有关斯巴达纳和更广泛的入侵物种的信息。所开发的工具和吸取的经验教训可广泛应用于自然和人类系统之间具有反馈作用的各种生态系统管理项目，包括入侵物种管理、渔业、濒危物种保护、森林管理和提供更广泛的生态系统服务。

Many invasive species have strong negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function and attempts to control or reverse their spread can be costly and require coordination among multiple institutions. This project integrates biological, mathematical, economic and political science tools to answer several critical and interrelated questions surrounding the invasive and high impact Eastern Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina spp, in San Francisco Bay. Two ways in which human intervention can mitigate the impact are to eradicate the invader and to restore the habitat. This is a complex problem with spatial linkages arising from the biology and impact of Spartina, and the spatial mosaic of governing agencies and responsible authorities. The project will focus on three questions: 1) What are the dynamics of eradication of an invasive species and subsequent restoration? 2) How can a program of eradication of an invasive species and subsequent restoration be designed taking into account both economics and ecology? 3) How do eradication and restoration policies depend on collective action on the part of multiple governmental and non-governmental stakeholders? This project will develop general models that will apply to a wide range of systems where an invasive species can have long lasting effects on the biotic and abiotic environment and to a much wider range of natural systems which are affected by humans and in which potential irreversibilities can occur. The eradication of invasive Spartina is one of the top priorities recently identified in the West Coast Governor's Agreement on Ocean Health, which provides a mandate for its eradication from the Pacific Coast by 2018. The project will provide specific guidance for control and restoration efforts in San Francisco Bay, and in other west coast estuaries, and will provide interdisciplinary research training for several graduate and undergraduate students and postdoctoral scholars. Outreach will provide information to the public about Spartina and invasive species more generally. The tools developed and lessons learned can be applied broadly to the wide range of ecosystem management projects with feedbacks between natural and human systems, including invasive species management, fisheries, endangered species protection, forest management, and the provision of ecosystem services more broadly.