Cross Sectional Adaption for Rod-Shaped Element in Compression

应用延续阶段的目的是优化管状压缩构件，这些构件发生在柱状结构中。柱承担建筑结构的竖向荷载、活载和恒载。通常圆柱的横截面为矩形或圆形。根据作用荷载和柱与相邻构件之间连接区域的结构，柱的不同区域受到或多或少的应力，并且相邻构件的承载性能也受到影响。它旨在为柱开发优化的几何形状，对于柱的典型失效机制，由于超过应力或稳定性损失可以通过有效的材料利用来排除。在第一期工程期间的调查中，确定了影响柱承载性能的因素，并确定了不同破坏类型之间的过渡点。首先研究了中心受压柱纵向几何形式的影响，找到了柱轴线上的最佳截面和形状。在此基础上，分析了附加弯矩对柱的影响，并给出了基本荷载条件下的主要最优形状。在现实中，柱暴露于不同的动作组合，因此首先必须选择一个特征加载场景来开发一个优化的柱形状。对于设计和施工而言，柱被理想地设计为单轴桁架，但对于施工而言，与板的连接点也很重要，并进行了研究。因此，发现了开发柱形的积极影响，因为柱端部的后仰改善了板和柱之间的荷载传递以及结构的整体性能。在实际工程期间，开发的基本荷载条件柱形将针对某些特征荷载情况进行优化。因此，本文将进行数值计算，并通过实验研究对结果进行验证。因此，根据形式遵循力的柱形被开发，这也是材料和资源效率。另一个重点在于考虑到局部问题的柱与板之间的连接点，例如板的冲孔。因此，计划与同样由申请人申请的轻质层状高性能混凝土天花板结构项目密切合作。最后，通过样机的开发和建造，验证了优化构件对空间结构的固结作用。

The aim of the applied continuation phase is the optimisation of tubular shaped compression members which occur in constructions as columns. Columns carry the vertical loads of structures of the construction dead and live loads. Usual columns have rectangular or circular cross-sections. Depending on acting loads and the construction of the connection area between column and the adjacent members, different areas of the columns are more or less stressed and also the bearing behaviour of the adjacent members is influenced. It is aimed to develop optimised geometries for columns, for which the typical failure mechanisms of columns due to exceedance of stress or loss of stability can be excluded by an efficient material utilisation.In investigations during the first project period the factors influencing the bearing behaviour of columns have been determined and the transition points between the different failure types have been determined. At first the influence of the geometrical column form in longitudinal direction of centrically loaded columns has been investigated and optimised cross-sections and shapes in the column axis were found. Based on that the influence of additional bending moments acting on the column were analysed and the resulting principal optimum shapes for basic loading conditions developed. In reality columns are exposed to combinations of different actions, so that at first a characteristic loading scenario has to be chosen to develop an optimised column shape. For the design and construction columns are idealised as uniaxial trusses, but for the construction also the connection point to the slabs is important and was investigated. Thereby the positive influence of the developed column shape was found, because a haunching of the column ends improves the load transfer between slab and column and the overall behaviour of the structure.In the applied project period the developed column shapes for basic loading conditions are to be optimised for certain characteristic loading cases. Therefore numerical calculation will be done and the results verified by experimental investigations. As the result a column shape according to form follows force is developed which is also material- and resource-efficient. A separate focus lies on the connection point between column and slab under consideration of local problems, as e.g. the punching of slabs. Therefore a close cooperation with the project Lightweigth Ceiling Structures Made of Layered High-Performance Concrete, also applied for by the applicant, is planned. At the end the consolidation of form optimized members to a spatial structure is proven with the development and construction of a demonstrator.