Evolutionary and Developmental Mechanisms of Embryo Dormancy in Rice

名称：星友建议编号：IOS-1021382建议的标题：水稻胚胎休眠的进化和发育机制来自野生近缘的谷类作物的驯化减少了种子休眠，这可以由胚胎内的内在约束(胚胎休眠)或由覆盖胚胎的限制性组织施加(皮下休眠)。基因组的一小部分被命名为qSD12，已经从杂草水稻中分离出来，已知含有一个或多个控制胚胎休眠的基因。基于图谱的克隆已经确定了qSD12的两个候选基因。该项目旨在确定候选基因的功能、来源、分化和分布，并在水稻模式系统中识别调控胚胎休眠发育的qSD12下游基因网络。候选基因的等基因系和几种方法，如互补、单倍型和转录分析，将被用来实现这些目标。该项目有望将一个或两个候选基因分配给胚胎休眠功能，揭示休眠基因(S)在水稻驯化之前或之后是否发生分化，栽培稻物种和亚种是否来自不同的功能突变，并提供关于自然发生的基因调节胚胎休眠的分子和生理途径的直接知识。该项目的更广泛影响包括：1)对研究生、本科生和高中生和教师进行生物学和农业专业的实践培训；2)跨学科合作，利用休眠基因培育抗收割前发芽的品种，并验证同源基因调节其他禾本科植物休眠和萌发的假设。

Name: Xing-You GuProposal number: IOS-1021382Title of the proposal: Evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of embryo dormancy in rice Domestication of cereal crops from wild relatives has reduced seed dormancy, which can be imposed by inherent constraints within the embryo (embryo dormancy) or by restrictive tissues covering the embryo (coat-imposed dormancy). A small region of the genome designated as qSD12 has been isolated from weedy rice and is known to contain one or more genes that control embryo dormancy. Map-based cloning has identified two candidate genes for qSD12. The project aims to determine the function, origin, differentiation, and distribution of the candidates and to identify qSD12 downstream gene networks that regulate the development of embryo dormancy in the rice model system. Isogenic lines for the candidate genes and several approaches, such as complementation, haplotype, and transcriptomic analyses, will be used to achieve these objectives. The project is expected to assign one or two of the candidate genes to the function of embryo dormancy, reveal whether the dormancy gene(s) differentiated before or after the rice domestication, whether cultivated rice species and subspecies originated from different functional mutations, and provide direct knowledge of molecular and physiological pathways through which the naturally occurring gene regulates embryo dormancy. The broader impacts of the project include: 1) practical training for graduate, undergraduate, and high school students and teachers in biology and agricultural programs; and 2) interdisciplinary collaborations to use the dormancy gene for breeding varieties resistant to pre-harvest sprouting and to test the hypothesis that orthologous genes regulate dormancy and germination in other grasses.