Collaborative Research: Development of an in situ sensor for high-resolution measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon

越来越清楚的是，人为的二氧化碳对全球海洋的影响可能对各种各样的生物和食物网产生严重后果。降低的pH值和碳酸盐饱和状态已被证明会导致产生文石的珊瑚和翼足类动物的钙化率降低。最近的调查表明，北太平洋文石饱和层在过去二十年中明显变浅。由于大气中二氧化碳增加的影响会影响到所有的水生系统，因此必须尽可能全面地进行研究。这可以通过大规模使用原位传感器来最有效地完成。由于无法测量原位总溶解无机碳（CT），对碳系统动力学的研究受到严重阻碍。虽然存在测量pH值、CO2逸度（f CO2）和pCO2原位的能力，但这些参数具有很强的协变性，因此从这些值中得出的碳系统参数比使用这些项之一和总碱度（AT）或CT计算的碳系统参数误差要大得多。拟议的工作建立在长达十年的原位分光光度元素分析系统（SEAS）的开发和部署，以及台式MICA（多参数无机碳分析仪）的开发和现场测试的基础上。该项目将涉及通过新型光学电池的建模、设计和实验室测试，在SEAS平台上开发全碳能力；配置和校准用于CT测量的SEAS；并在当地港口进行实地测试/实地调查。PI要求资助：(1)开发、测试和改进一种光学电池，该电池将有助于在原位测量溶解无机碳（DIC）；(2)进行一系列实验室试验，优化CT方法在SEAS仪器上的使用；(3)在Bayboro Harbor使用sea - ct和sea - ph仪器进行现场测试。虽然拟议工作的目标是开发一种能够在系泊配置中执行CT测量的原位仪器，但只要剖面速率足够慢，两分钟的平衡应该允许开发一种原位剖面能力。更广泛的影响：能够使用现场平台将加强区域和全球对与气候（二氧化碳的海气交换和海洋在大气吸收中的作用）以及海洋中二氧化碳增加的影响（如海洋酸化）有关的相关环境问题的了解。很好，包括毕业生。拟议的活动将通过对本科生和研究生的指导来促进知识的进步，这显然是有效的，因为首席研究员自己就是这个小组的研究生。参与博士衔接项目的少数民族研究生也将参与该项目。该提案具有更广泛的社区合作的巨大潜力，提案者给出了最近合作的例子。这将对社会大有裨益，因为这样就可以对各种二氧化碳排放的未来情景更好地预测人为碳的命运，这将直接影响气候缓解战略的决策。

It has become increasingly clear that the impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the global oceans may have severe consequences to a wide variety of organisms and food webs. Reduced pH and carbonate saturation states have been shown to cause reduction in calcification rates in aragonite producing corals and pteropods. Recent investigations indicate that the aragonite saturation horizon in the North Pacific has measurably shoaled in the last two decades. Because the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 can affect all aquatic systems, studies must be conducted as synoptically as possible. This can be most effectively accomplished through the wide-scale use of in situ sensorsInvestigations into carbon system dynamics are seriously hampered by the inability to measure total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in situ. While the capabilities exist to measure pH, CO2 fugacity (f CO2), and pCO2 in situ, such parameters strongly co-vary and therefore carbon system parameters derived from these values are subject to much greater error than those calculated using one of those terms and either total alkalinity (AT) or CT. The proposed work builds on the decade-long development and deployment of the in situ Spectrophotometric Elemental Analysis System (SEAS), as well as the development and field testing of the bench-top MICA (Multiparameter Inorganic Carbon Analyzer). The project will involve development of a total carbon capability on the SEAS platform through modeling, design, and lab tests of a new optical cell; configuring and calibrating SEAS for CT measurements; and field testing/ground truthing in a local harbor.The PI's request funding to: (1) Develop, test, and refine an optical cell that will facilitate measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in situ; (2) conduct a series of laboratory tests to optimize the CT method for use on the SEAS instrument; and (3) conduct field tests using SEAS-CT and SEAS-pH instruments at Bayboro Harbor. While the objective of the proposed work is to develop an in situ instrument capable of performing CT measurements in a moored configuration, equilibration on the scale of two minutes should allow the development of an in situ profiling capability as long as the profiling rate is sufficiently slow.Broader Impacts: To be able to use in situ platforms will enhance the regional and global understanding of relevant environmental issues related to climate (air-sea exchange of CO2 and the ocean's role in the atmospheric uptake) as well as the effect of the increased CO2 in the ocean such as ocean acidification. Good including graduate. The proposed activity will contribute to the advance of knowledge through the mentoring of undergraduate and graduate students, which is clearly effective since the Principal Investigator was herself a graduate student in this group. A minority graduate student involved in the Bridge to the Doctorate program will also participate to the project. The proposal has huge potential for broader community collaboration and the proposers give examples of recent partnerships. This will be of great benefit for society since the fate of anthropogenic carbon can then be better predicted for future scenarios of various CO2 emissions, which will directly influence the decision on climate mitigation strategies.