EFRI-SEED: Energy Minimization via Multi-Scaler Architectures From Cell Contractility to Sensing Materials to Adaptive Building Skins

这个eri - seed项目的目标是基于对几何定义的基底上的非线性、动态人体细胞行为的理解，探索从纳米到宏观尺度的材料。关于细胞如何以最小的能量和最大的效果修改其即时细胞外基质（ECM）微环境的见解将导致高度美学的仿生设计和工程，被动材料，传感器和成像仪将被集成到建筑规模的响应性建筑表皮中。pi将(1)使用建筑和计算算法来指导具有一般1- d到3-D几何图案的软基板的设计和制造；(2)定量测量和实时可视化人体肺动脉血管平滑肌细胞如何相互作用收缩或放松这些底物以改变底物的几何形状；(3)重新部署建筑和算法工具，对非线性细胞行为导致的图案和材料操纵进行建模和模拟，从而将这种精细尺度的设计生态转移到自适应建筑表皮的宏观尺度设计上；(4)将理解应用于对环境因素（如热、湿度和光）有响应的材料和几何形状的最佳设计；(5)利用CMOS和纳米技术设计仿生传感器和控制系统；(6)将概念从纳米和微尺度的建模、材料操作和设备集成转变为建筑和人体尺度的响应式被动建筑表皮设计。该项目通过建筑设计工作室与实验室科学研究的融合，代表了可持续设计的独特前卫模式。反过来，这将有利于各种科学技术，包括节能和美观的建筑表皮和材料的建设。该项目将创造一个重要的机会来激发公众的兴趣，从而激发和吸引他们对科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）的兴趣。这项工作将为在一个高度整合的研究和教育环境中招募和培养各级学生提供有效的工具。研究成果将通过以下方式传播：(1)(2)宾夕法尼亚大学每周的粉笔讲座和教师静修，中大西洋地区的年度研讨会，以及全国性的会议和研讨会；(2) LabStudio网站，展示本项目在细胞科学、可视化技术、材料、制造和计算建模框架方面的新发现；(3)通过Lab-to-Market Forum和LabStudio对这项技术进行宣传，以吸引业界的兴趣；(4)在国际展览会上安装研究成果的建筑模型。该研究包含了新的和协同的活动，包括：(1)细胞纳米和微观力学在病理学和检验医学（医学院，SOM）的研究；(2)材料科学与工程中的材料制造与表征（MSE；应用科学与工程学院，SEAS）；(3)建筑（设计学院，SOD）和电气与系统工程（ESE； SEAS）设计和研究实验室的建筑设计、计算建模、仿真和数字制造；(4)ESE实验室的设备制造和集成。支持该项目的2010财年eri - seed课题由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）工程（ENG）、数学与物理科学（MPS）、社会、行为与经济科学（SBE）、计算机与信息科学与工程理事会与美国能源部（DOE）和美国环境保护署（EPA）合作赞助。

The objective of this EFRI-SEED project is to explore materiality from nano- to macroscales based upon understanding of nonlinear, dynamic human cell behaviors on geometrically-defined substrates. The insights as to how cells can modify their immediate extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment with minimal energy and maximal effect will lead to the biomimetic design and engineering of highly aesthetic, passive materials, and sensors and imagers that will be integrated into responsive building skins at the architectural scale. The PIs will (1) use architectural and computational algorithms to guide the design and fabrication of soft substrates with generic 1-D to 3-D geometrical patterns; (2) quantitatively measure and visualize in real-time how human pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cells, that interact to contract or relax these substrates to modify substrate geometry; (3) redeploy architectural and algorithmic tools, and model and simulate pattern and material manipulation resulting from nonlinear cellular behaviors so as to transfer this fine-scale design ecology to the macro-scale design of adaptive building skins; (4) apply the understanding to optimal design of materials and geometries that are responsive to environmental factors (e.g. heat, humidity and light); (5) design biomimetic sensors and control systems using CMOS and nanotechnology, and (6) transform the concept from modeling, materials manipulation, and device integration at the nano- and microscales to the design of responsive, yet passive building skins at the architectural and human scale. This project represents a unique avant garde model for sustainable design via the fusion of the architectural design studio with laboratory-based scientific research. In turn, this will benefit a diverse range of science and technologies, including the construction of energy efficient and aesthetic building skins and materials.The project will create a significant opportunity to excite the general public, thereby provoking and engaging their interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). This work will offer an effective tool to recruit and train students at all levels in a highly-integrated research and educational environment. The research results will be disseminated through: (1) (bi)weekly chalk talks and faculty retreats at Penn, annual workshops at the Mid-Atlantic region, and national conferences and workshops; (2) The website of LabStudio for new discoveries in cell science, visualization techniques, materials, fabrication, and computational modeling frameworks developed from this project; (3) Advertising the technology through the Lab-to-Market Forum and LabStudio to attract industrial interest, and (4) Installation of architectural models resulted from the research at international exhibitions. The research contains novel and synergistic activities, including: (1) the study of cellular nano- and micro-mechanics in Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (School of Medicine, SOM); (2) materials fabrication and characterization in Materials Science and Engineering (MSE; School of Applied Science & Engineering, SEAS); (3) architectural design, computational modeling, simulation and digital fabrication in design and research labs in Architecture (School of Design, SOD) and Electrical & Systems Engineering (ESE; SEAS) respectively, and (4) device fabrication and integration in labs in ESE.The FY 2010 EFRI-SEED Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).