EFRI-SEED: Design for Autonomous Net-Zero Water Buildings

这个eri - seed项目的目标是为远离水网的净零水建筑的设计制定原则。这些原则代表了一种范式转变，即从集中减少需氧量，转向以最低能源运输和永久销毁药品，以响应技术发展。解决了三个知识障碍：可持续处理系统的规模和设计；社会文化和建筑接受度；实时风险评估。系统缩放的概念将模拟生物循环系统中的能量最小异速缩放关系。新型低能耗电催化处理技术将得到发展。通过蓄水池饮用和补给水、新布过滤技术的低流量适应和金属铁介导过滤，将避免能源密集型反渗透（RO）处理。为了克服接受障碍，行为模拟、访谈和焦点小组将首先确定个体和群体的接受障碍，然后测试提高社会文化可接受性的方法。在新城市主义建筑的理论框架内，将考虑包括蓄水池、残留物储存、年度维护和自然放水在内的设计组件。将开发证据融合方法，用于从荧光光谱中对体外毒性进行机器学习评估，以推进实时风险监测并确保系统安全。系统设计概念将直接解决占美国发电量15%的水和废水输送的能量学问题，并利用新兴的自动化处理、监控和分散操作和维护能力。由处理过的废水组成的地表水的实际再利用将被明确的工程控制所取代。水的配给，以及对硬度、砷、硼和其他地质杂质的处理，将在很大程度上被避免。治疗将被设计成常规的、永久的破坏药物，解决广泛存在的生物女性化问题。这些好处将通过未来新一代的参与而传播，他们将沉浸在一个专门的、跨学科的、本科生~20个床位的改造宿舍单元中，并由学生提供设计。有代表性的加勒比和拉丁学生群体将继续与参与机构和行业合作伙伴一起参与研究，工业伙伴关系，公众参观和1-2个高中学生项目（MAST学院）。Capstone净零水研讨会将包括监管机构、咨询公司、学生和教师。支持该项目的2010财年eri - seed课题由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）工程（ENG）、数学与物理科学（MPS）、社会、行为与经济科学（SBE）、计算机与信息科学与工程理事会与美国能源部（DOE）和美国环境保护署（EPA）合作赞助。

The objective of this EFRI-SEED project is to develop principles for the design of net-zero water buildings, off the water grid. These principles represent a paradigm shift from centralized reduction of oxygen demand, to energy-minimal conveyance and permanent destruction of pharmaceuticals, responsive to technological evolution. Three knowledge barriers are addressed: sustainable treatment system scaling and design; sociocultural and architectural acceptance; and real-time risk assessment. Concepts for system scaling will mimic energy minimal allometric scaling relationships in biological circulatory systems. New energy-minimal electrocatalytic treatment for effective destruction of pharmaceuticals will be advanced. Energy-intensive reverse osmosis (RO) treatment will be avoided through cistern drinking and make-up water, low-flow adaptation of new cloth filtration technology, and metallic iron-mediated filtration. To surmount acceptance barriers, behavioral simulations, interviews, and focus groups will first identify individual and group barriers to adoption and then test approaches for improving sociocultural acceptability. Design components including cisterns, residuals storage, annual maintenance, and natural water releases will be considered within the theoretical framework of New Urbanist architecture. Methods of evidence fusion will be developed for machine-learned assessment of in-vitro toxicity from fluorescence spectra, to advance real-time risk monitoring and to ensure system safety.System design concepts will directly address the energetics of water and wastewater conveyance, representing 15% of U.S. electric power generation, and leverage emerging capability for automated treatment, monitoring, and decentralized operation and maintenance. De facto reuse of surface water consisting largely of treated wastewater would be replaced with explicitly engineered control. Water rationing, and treatment of hardness, arsenic, and boron, and other geologic impurities, would be largely obviated. Treatment would be designed to routinely, permanently destroy pharmaceuticals, addressing widespread biotic feminization. Benefits will propagate through the engagement of a new generation in their future, immersed by living in a dedicated, cross-disciplinary, undergraduate ~20-bed retrofitted dorm unit with design input by students. Well-represented Caribbean and Latin student populations will continue to be involved along with participating agencies and industry partners, for immersion in terms of research, industrial partnerships, public tours, and 1-2 high school student projects (MAST Academy). A Capstone Net-Zero Water Workshop will include regulators, consulting firms, students, and faculty.The FY 2010 EFRI-SEED Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).