NEESR-SD: Measuring Runup and Bed Shear Stress Using Long Stroke Wave-Makers

该奖项是NSF 09-524项目招标“小乔治·e·布朗地震工程模拟（NEES）研究网络（NEESR）”竞赛的结果，包括康奈尔大学。该项目将利用俄勒冈州立大学的NEES设备站点。拟议活动的知识价值：根据2004年印度洋海啸期间的观测，很明显，引领海啸波可能有多种形式：波浪形波浪和带引领低洼的长波。可以肯定的是，这些前导波不是孤波。海啸实验研究需要建立新的范式。当海啸淹没陆地时，往往会留下大面积的沉积物。如果海啸沉积物的性质可以与海啸的水流深度、速度和波浪特征相关联，那么确定年代的沉积物将有助于估计过去海啸的时间和复发间隔。由于泥沙输运过程主要是由水流湍流和河床剪应力驱动的，因此深入了解海啸前导波，特别是河床剪应力驱动的近河床流的演化是十分必要的。因应上述研究需要，我们将进行以下研究活动：-为俄勒冈州立大学大波浪水槽的新造波器开发和实施算法，以便在NEES海啸设施中模拟不同类型的主要海啸波形，包括孔波和N波；-测量和分析飞机海滩上各种主要海啸波形的上升高度；-在NEES设施中设计并安装用于测量床层剪切应力的新仪器包；-测量和分析各种主要海啸波形下的海底剪应力。拟议的活动所产生的更广泛的影响：拟议的研究是长期基础研究计划的一部分，旨在将海啸流体动力学与海啸沉积物联系起来。该项目获得的实验数据将为泥沙悬浮和输运模型中波浪破碎、底部剪切应力和水流湍流的参数化提供必要的信息。因此，所提出的研究将对海啸减灾计划的建立产生更广泛的影响。该项目将培养一名博士生，他们将接受实验技术和数据分析方面的前沿培训。学生还将在数值方法方面接受严格的教育，并将能够进行模型/数据比较。科学写作和口头陈述的训练将是学生研究生教育计划的一部分。此外，将鼓励学生参加技术会议和会议；康奈尔大学研究生院将为在技术会议上发表论文提供部分支持。PI还将参加NEES计划组织的REU计划，以便REU学生可以接触到波浪实验室的大型设施。我们将尽一切努力吸引少数族裔学生参与拟议的项目。该项目的数据将存档，并通过NEES数据储存库向公众提供。该奖项是国家减少地震灾害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。

This award is an outcome of the NSF 09-524 program solicitation "George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Research (NEESR)" competition and includes Cornell University. This project will utilize the NEES equipment site at the Oregon State University. The Intellectual Merit of the Proposed Activities: Based on the observations during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamis, it is evident that the leading tsunami waves could have various forms: undulating bores and long waves with a leading depression. It is certain that theses leading waves are not solitary waves. A new paradigm needs to be established for experimental tsunami research. As tsunamis inundated and flooded the land, they often left behind widespread sediment deposits. If the properties of tsunami deposits can be correlated with the flow depth, velocity, and wave characteristics of tsunamis, the dated deposits will allow estimates of times and recurrence intervals of past tsunamis. Since the sediment transport processes are primarily driven by the flow turbulence and bed shear stresses, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding on the evolution of near bed flows driven by the leading waves of tsunamis, in particular the bed shear stress. Responding to the research needs mentioned above, we will conduct the following research activities: -Developing and implementing algorithms for the new wave maker at the large wave flume at Oregon State University so that different types of leading tsunami wave forms, including bores and N- waves can be simulated in the NEES tsunami facilities; -Measuring and analyzing runup heights of various leading tsunami wave forms on a plane beach; -Design and install a new instrument package for measuring bed shear stress in the NEES facilities; -Measuring and analyzing bottom shear stress under various leading tsunami wave form. The Broader Impacts Resulting from the Proposed Activities: The proposed research is a part of a long term fundamental research program, aiming at correlating the tsunami hydrodynamics with the tsunami sediment deposits. The experimental data, obtained from the project, will provide the necessary information for parameterizing wave breaking, bottom shear stress and flow turbulence in the sediment suspension and transport models. Therefore, the proposed research will have a much broader impact on the establishment of tsunami hazard mitigation programs. The project will train one PhD student who will receive cutting edge training in experimental techniques and data analysis. The student will also have a rigorous education in numerical methods, and will be capable of performing model/data comparisons. Training in scientific writing and oral presentation will be a part of student's graduate education program. Furthermore, the student will be encouraged to attend technical conferences and meetings; Cornell graduate school will provide a partial support for presenting papers in technical conference. The PI's will also participate in the REU program organized by the NEES program so that REU students can be exposed to the large scale facilities at wave laboratory. Every effort will be made in attracting underrepresented minority students to participate in the proposed project. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).