Collaboration to Investigate the "Old Whaling" Culture and the Origins of Whaling in Chukotka

摘要合作研究楚科塔的“老捕鲸”文化和捕鲸起源三千年的老捕鲸文化是个谜，仅从阿拉斯加州克鲁森斯特角的典型遗址中才能知道。撇开神秘不谈，老鲸鱼在爱斯基摩文化的发展中非常重要，因为它的成员被认为是第一批在白令海峡地区猎杀大型须鲸的人。楚科特卡古老的捕鲸文化的存在已经被假设，但到目前为止还没有得到证实。该项目将通过挖掘最近在农里格兰村附近发现的考古遗址来调查楚科特卡的老捕鲸文化。该项目将包括来自莫斯科遗产研究所(Sergey Gusev和Igor Makarov)和圣彼得堡人类学和民族学-昆斯特卡梅拉博物馆(Dmitri Gerasimov)的考古学家，他们将与考古学家(阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学的Daniel Odess和Caroline Funk)、一名动物考古学家(Erica Hill，阿拉斯加东南大学)和一名研究生(Sarah Meitl，阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯大学)密切合作。该项目还将包括一名在实地和实验室与国际和平协会合作三年的尤皮克高中生，以及来自努利格里兰的学生和其他社区成员。研究小组将共同挖掘该遗址，目的是回答以下问题：农利格里兰老捕鲸占领的性质是什么，它与克鲁森斯特恩角的老捕鲸占领有什么关系？有什么证据表明大约3000年前白令海峡两岸的文化联系？遗址上的人们是如何谋生的，那里的人们是如何捕杀鲸鱼的？作为一种生存活动，向捕鲸的转变如何更广泛地反映在社会和社区组织以及土地利用的变化中？该项目旨在促进国际合作和社区参与对白令海峡两岸人民至关重要的研究。

AbstractCollaborating to Investigate the "Old Whaling" Culture and the Origins of Whaling in ChukotkaThe three-thousand-year-old Old Whaling culture is enigmatic, known only from the type site at Cape Krusenstern, Alaska. Mystery aside, Old Whaling is very important in the development of Eskimo culture because its members are believed to have been the first people to hunt large baleen whales in the Bering Strait region. The existence of Old Whaling culture in Chukotka has been hypothesized, but until now has not been demonstrated. This project will investigate the Old Whaling culture in Chukotka by excavating a recently discovered archaeological site near the village of Nunligran. The project is will include archaeologists from the Institute of Heritage in Moscow (Sergey Gusev and Igor Makarov) and the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography - Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg (Dmitri Gerasimov) who will work in close collaboration with archaeologists (Daniel Odess and Caroline Funk, University of Alaska Fairbanks), a zooarchaeologist (Erica Hill, University of Alaska Southeast), and a graduate student (Sarah Meitl, University of Alaska Fairbanks). The project will also include a Yup'ik high school student who has been working with the PI in the field and the laboratory for three years, as well as students and other community members from Nunligran. Together the research team will excavate the site with the goal of answering the following questions: What is the nature of the Old Whaling occupation at Nunligran, and how is it related to the Old Whaling occupation at Cape Krusenstern? What evidence is there for cultural ties across Bering Strait around 3000 years ago? How did people at the site make a living, and did the people who lived there hunt whales? How is the shift to whaling, as a subsistence activity, reflected more broadly in social and community organization and changes in land use? The project is intended to foster international collaboration and community involvement in research important to people on both sides of Bering Strait.