EAGER: Technologies for Elastic OS Services in fos

随着每个芯片的核心数量在下个十年中期扩大到1000个，一组根本不同的约束管理着软件设计，包括操作系统。然而，最近的研究表明，在扩展单片操作系统设计方面存在问题。在单片操作系统中，操作系统代码在同一核上的内核中执行，从而发出操作系统服务请求。这导致性能显著下降，并出现严重的可伸缩性问题。改善这些服务的可扩展性的努力一直是困难的，但也取得了一定的成功。未来十年操作系统研究面临的主要问题是：如何设计操作系统服务，使其扩展到数百或数千个核心？要回答这个问题，研究界需要根据当前和未来的多核体系结构从头开始重新思考操作系统设计。一种解决方案是提供一个可根据不断增加的核数量进行扩展的因子化操作系统。分解操作系统(称为“FOS”)将单片操作系统的系统服务分解为一组单独的服务。FOS进一步将每个系统服务分解并并行化到一个互联网式的协作服务器集合或机队中，这些服务器分布在多核芯片上并绑定到特定的核心。面对不断变化的系统资源和应用需求，为了保持良好的性能和高效的利用率，机队需要采用弹性。PI提出了一个弹性版本的FOS(称为“e-FOS”)，它提供了允许在运行时扩大或缩小系统服务的技术。E-FOS的主要目标是扩展到大量核心，同时满足资源和服务的不同需求，即发现和评估因数操作系统如何利用弹性来维持性能和效率。E-FOS展示了弹性机队和机制，以管理未来多核的弹性。这些技术取代了过时的“静态操作系统组件”，后者目前阻碍了当代单片操作系统扩展到数百或数千个内核。有关更多信息，请参阅该项目的网页：http://groups.csail.mit.edu/carbon/fos.

As the number of cores per chip scales to 1000s by the middle of the next decade, a fundamentally different set of constraints governs software design, including the operating system. However, recent research has demonstrated problems with scaling monolithic OS designs. In monolithic OSs, OS code executes in the kernel on the same core, which makes an OS service request. That has led to significant performance degradation and exhibits severe scalability problems. Efforts to improve scalability of these services have been difficult and marginally successful. The primary question facing OS research over the next decade is: How can the operating system services be designed such that they scale to hundreds or thousands of cores? To answer this question, the research community needs to rethink operating system design from the ground up in light of current and future multicore architectures.One solution is to provide a factored operating system that scales over the increasing number of cores. A factored operating system (called "fos") factors out the system services of a monolithic OS into a set of individual services. fos further factors and parallelizes each system service into an Internet-style collection, or fleet, of cooperating servers that are distributed across the multicore chip and bound to specific cores. To maintain good performance and efficient utilization in the face of varying system resources and application demand, the fleets need to employ elasticity. The PIs propose an elastic version of fos (dubbed "e-fos") which provides technologies to allow system services to be scaled up or down at run-time. The primary goal of e-fos is to scale to a large numbers of cores while meeting the varying demand in resources and services, i.e., discover and evaluate how a factored operating system can leverage elasticity to maintain performance and efficiency. e-fos demonstrates elastic fleets and mechanisms to manage the elasticity for future multicores. These techniques replace the outdated "static OS components", which currently hinder contemporary monolithic OSs from scaling to hundreds or thousands of cores. For further information, see the project webpage: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/carbon/fos.