CAREER: Bridging Earthquakes and Earth Structure along the Northern San Andreas Fault

这项研究将阐明如何变形邻近的北方圣安德烈亚斯断层带是持续在地震中产生，在数千至数百万年，山脉和地质结构，观察沿着板块边界。该项目将使用高分辨率GeoEarthScope机载激光条带测绘和更广泛的低分辨率地形，河砂中宇宙成因同位素的丰度，低温热年代学和地壳变形的数值模型，以联系地震周期和地质观测变形。 需要检验的主要假设包括：1）虽然弹性和粘弹性本构规则似乎很好地描述了地震期间和地震后的变形，但被这些本构规则所忽略的地壳材料的摩擦破坏和疲劳是数万年至数百万年观察到的永久变形模式的主要贡献者; 2）地壳块体的不同屈服导致变形的巨大变化，这种变化在数千年至数百万年间累积;和3）圣安德烈亚斯断层带几何形状的空间变化主导了所观察到的断层外变形，是板块构造运动长期变化和具有不同本构性质的地质体初始形态的结果。这项研究的结果将有助于将人类时间尺度上观察到的变形与地质记录中观察到的变形联系起来。此外，本提案中的研究将作为改善本科教育的跳板，促进研究生和博士后教育和职业发展，为当地高中学生提供实践研究经验，培训当地高中教师向学生介绍该领域的地球科学，并通过圣克鲁斯山脉构建一个真实的和虚拟的教育驾驶之旅，向公众介绍板块产生的景观-在数千年到数百万年的时间里发生边界变形。

This research will illuminate how deformation adjacent to the northern San Andreas Fault Zone that is sustained during earthquakes produces, over thousands to millions of years, the mountains and geologic structures that are observed along the plate boundary. Theproject will use high resolution GeoEarthScope Airborne Laser Swath Mapping and more broadly available lower resolution topography, the abundance of cosmogenic isotopes in river sands, low-temperature thermochronometry, and numerical models of crustal deformation to link earthquake-cycle and geologically-observed deformation. The key hypotheses to be tested include: 1) While elastic and viscoelastic constitutive rules appear to well-characterize deformation during and following earthquakes, frictional failure and fatigue of crustal materials that ignored by these constitutive rules are principal contributors to the pattern of permanent deformation observed over tens of thousands to several million years; 2) Differential yielding of crustal blocks leads to large variations in deformation that accrues over thousands to millions of years; and 3) Spatial variations in the geometry of the San Andreas Fault Zone dominate the observed off-fault deformation, and result from long-term changes in plate tectonic motions and the initial configuration of geologic terranes with different constitutive properties. The results of this research will help to link the deformation observed over human time-scales to that observed in the geologic record. Additionally, the research in this proposal will serve as a springboard for improving undergraduate education, fostering graduate student and postdoctoral education and career development, providing hands-on research experience to local high-school students, training local high-school teachers to introduce students to earth sciences in the field, and constructing a real and virtual educational driving tour through the Santa Cruz Mountains that teaches the general public about the landscapes produced by plate-boundary deformation over thousands to millions of years.