CAREER: Dynamic Phenomena in Complex Oxides During Electrochemical Processes

非技术描述：储能是实现环保运输和可再生能源经济部署的关键。所有电化学能量存储和转换材料都起着“生命”系统（电池，伪电容器和燃料电池）的作用，其中电子和离子在充电和放电期间移动。这些电子和离子运动经常触发缺陷产生和相变，并因此导致材料的能量密度和倍率性能的显著变化。在电化学过程中建立这些动力学机制的基本基础将加速创造具有上级能量存储和转换特性的新合成材料。技术规格：本论文系统地合成了一系列具有可逆储能功能的过渡金属氧化物xA 2 MnO 3（1-x）Ay（NiMn）O2（A=Li+，Na+，移动的物种），并对其结构和性能进行了表征和评价。这些氧化物具有有趣和复杂的功能，包括纳米级的相分离循环和动态阳离子重新分配在不同的电荷状态，显着影响的客体物种的流动性。在释放客体物质时发生的还原-氧化过程不仅可以改变阳离子分布，而且还可以改变材料内的固-固界面，这对电极的传输特性以及结构稳定性至关重要。所开发的框架可以作为控制固态材料中的动态现象的基础，用于能量存储;这些知识对于设计和开发新材料是至关重要的，并且具有变革性，这些新材料将允许更高和更快的能量存储以及更长的寿命在电化学能量存储和转换系统中。该补助金的更广泛影响与研究目标相结合。PI的教育工作包括a）。通过工具、实际例子和动手实验室经验纵向整合大学预科、本科和研究生教育和培训B）。培养学生对文化和教育背景、经验和研究方法多样性的强烈认识和欣赏，直接影响UCSD校园的多样性，以及c）。在国际科学和工程环境中从事教学和研究，包括组织年度国际研讨会和以研究为重点的交流计划。

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Energy storage is the enabling key to the environmentally-friendly transportation and the economic deployment of renewable energy sources. All electrochemical energy storage and conversion materials function as 'living' systems (batteries, pseudocapacitors and fuel cells), within which electrons and ions are moving during charge and discharge. These electronic and ionic motions often trigger defect generation and phase transformations, and consequently result in significant changes in energy density and rate capability of the materials. Establishing the fundamental basis for these dynamical mechanisms during electrochemical processes will accelerate the creation of new synthetic materials with superior energy storage and conversion properties. TECHNICAL DETAILS: This research targets the systematic synthesis, structural characterization and properties evaluation of a series of transition metal oxides xA2MnO3(1-x)Ay(NiMn)O2 (A=Li+, Na+ the mobile species) that are capable of storing energy reversibly. These oxides have intriguing and complex features including nanometer-scale phase separation upon cycling and dynamic cation redistribution at various state of charge, that significantly affect the mobility of the guest species. The reduction-oxidation processes that occur upon releasing the guest species, not only may alter the cation distributions, but also modify the solid-solid interfaces within the material, which are critical to the transport properties as well as the structural stability of the electrodes. The developed framework can be applied as the basis for controlling the dynamic phenomena in solid-state materials for energy storage; such knowledge is critical and transformational to design and develop new materials that will allow higher and faster energy storage and longer lifetime in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. The broader impacts of this grant are integrated with the research objectives. The PI's education efforts include a). Vertically integrating precollegiate, undergraduate and graduate education and training through tools, practical examples and hands-on laboratory experiences b). Fostering a strong awareness and appreciation for diversity of cultural and educational backgrounds and experience and research approaches among the students to directly impact the diversity on UCSD campus, and c). Engaging in teaching and research in an international science and engineering environment, including organizing an annual international workshop and research-focused exchange program.