SBIR Phase II: High Performance Supercapacitors Based on Nano-engineered Electrodes

1.超级电容器是不可缺少的能量存储和转换器件，具有广泛的应用。ESTRON正在开发下一代EDLC超级电容器，其能量密度是最好的传统碳基超级电容器的两倍多，功率密度是最好的传统碳基超级电容器的十倍。在阶段I中，我们成功地制造了新型TiC/TiC-CDC核/壳纳米结构电极，在测试装置中展示了预测的2X能量密度。然后，我们计算了功率密度，预测比传统超级电容器提高了10倍。这种高能量密度和高功率密度的组合以前从未实现过。在第二阶段，我们计划生产超级电容器原型，并优化、标准化和扩大材料制造工艺，包括研究拟议的超级电容器电极的卷对卷制造。在第二阶段结束时，我们将开发出一种能够将这些高性能超级电容器商业化的原型工艺。超级电容器是不可或缺的储能设备，因为它们的性能是电池和传统电容器的桥梁。超级电容器面临的最大挑战是提高其能量密度和功率密度。我们提出的核/壳纳米结构超级电容器同时解决了这两个挑战。所提出的上级超级电容器将满足混合动力电动汽车（HEV）、插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEV）、城市公交车、轨道（重型轨道车辆、有轨电车和地铁）和可再生能源系统（风力发电和太阳能发电）的快速增长的市场的需求，以电池无法提供的具有成本效益的方式满足峰值功率需求。其他潜在的国内应用包括UPS系统、手机、PDA、医疗设备、AMR、笔记本电脑、通信设备、传感器、执行器、汽车音频组件、焊接机、太阳能照明、逆变器、相机、复印机和电源。核/壳纳米结构材料提供了在超级电容器、太阳能电池和电池中提供多功能应用的潜力。该计划的成功将激发学术界和工业界对使用核/壳纳米结构材料解决重大能源问题的热情，从而开辟以前从未想象过的新视野。

1. Intellectual MeritSupercapacitors are indispensable energy storage and conversion devices with wide applications. Agiltron is developing a next generation EDLC supercapacitor that has more than two times the energy density and ten times the power density of the best conventional carbon-based supercapacitors. In Phase I we successfully fabricated the novel TiC/TiC-CDC core/shell nanostructure electrode, demonstrating the predicted 2X energy density in a test device. We then calculated the power density, predicting a 10X improvement over conventional supercapacitors. This combination of high energy density and high power density has not been attained before. In Phase II, we plan to produce supercapacitor prototypes, and optimize, standardize, and scale up the material fabrication process, including the investigation of roll-to-roll manufacturing of the proposed supercapacitor electrodes. At the end of Phase II we will have developed a prototype process capable of commercializing these high performance supercapacitors.2. Broader ImpactSupercapacitors are indispensable energy storage devices because their performance bridges those of batteries and conventional capacitors. The most significant challenges for supercapacitors are to increase their energy density and power density. Our proposed core/shell nanostructured supercapacitors address these two challenges simultaneously. The proposed superior supercapacitors will meet the needs of quickly growing markets of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), city buses, rails (heavy rail vehicles, tramways and metro), and renewable energy systems (wind power and solar power) to satisfy the peak power needs in a cost-effective manner that battery cannot provide. Other potential domestic applications include UPS systems, cell phones, PDAs, medical devices, AMRs, notebooks, communication equipment, sensors, actuators, car audio components, welding machines, solar lighting, inverters, cameras, copy machines, and power supplies. Core/shell nanostructured materials offer the potential to provide multifunctional application in supercapacitors, solar cells, and batteries. The success of this program will stimulate enthusiastic academic and industrial interests for using core/shell nanostructured materials to address significant energy problems, and thus open new horizons that have not been imagined before.