Developing a better understanding of organic reactions under solvent-free ball milling conditions

美国国家科学基金会化学部的化学结构、动力学和机制项目支持辛辛那提大学的James Mack II教授使用高速球磨工艺研究和开发新的固态有机化学反应。 这项工作的目标是了解指导这些新的机械化学反应的基本原则，特别强调传热和传质量化。 无溶剂反应在减少废物流和节省能源方面对化学工业有吸引力，否则花费在溶剂合成、输送、储存和回收/dispose.Broader影响这项研究包括它的直接适用性“绿色”化学，其中一个典型的有机反应的主要成分之一，溶剂，被去除。 对社会的潜在好处包括通过消除大量反应物而节省能源，减少释放到大气中的挥发性有机成分，以及减少废物流。 麦克教授以建立本科生可以成功的实验室氛围而闻名，他非常积极地从代表性不足的群体中招募和指导科学家。

The Chemical Structure, Dynamics and Mechanisms Program in the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation supports Professor James Mack II of the University of Cincinnati, for investigation and development of new solid state organic chemistry reactions using a high speed ball milling process. The goal of this work is to understand the fundamental principles guiding these novel mechanochemical reactions, with a particular emphasis on heat transfer and mass transfer quantification. Solvent-free reactions are attractive to the chemical industry in terms of reducing the waste stream and saving the energy otherwise expended on solvent synthesis, delivery, storage and recovery/disposal.Broader impacts of this research include its direct applicability to "green" chemistry, where one of the major components of a typical organic reaction, the solvent, is removed. Potential benefits to society include the energy savings from elimination of a significant volume of the reactants, less volatile organic components released into the atmosphere, and a smaller waste stream. Professor Mack is known for building a laboratory atmosphere where undergraduates can succeed, and he is very active in recruiting and mentoring scientists from underrepresented groups.