Europeanization of higher education: Between global knowledge society and national traditions

开放国家、层级结构的学术领域与学术资本主义的欧洲化齐头并进：研究人员、学科和大学方面的不平等日益受到激烈竞争的影响。欧洲层面的制度化虽然在全球有目共睹，但几乎没有什么赢家。到目前为止，该研究项目的理论剩余主要植根于权力领域内的一种跨国学术领域概念，使人们能够从横向和比较的角度看待具体的民族特征。这一视角使我们能够更深入地理解欧洲研究区(ERA)的标志性建设过程。通过分析国家开放和欧洲封闭之间的相互作用，得到了一些发现：特别是在微观和中观层面上，关于职业、第三方资金和各自合作的各种跨国战略已经形成，表明一种日益欧洲化的学术运作方式。然而，ERA的起源也涉及潜在的冲突：基于我们目前的结果，进一步的分析需要特别关注跨国学术移民、人才流失的影响以及欧洲学术精英的出现。

The opening of national, hierarchically structured academic fields goes hand in hand with an Europeanization of academic capitalism: The inequality in terms of researchers, disciplines and universities is increasingly subjected to heightened competition. The institutionalization on a European level accounts for few, though globally visible winners. The theoretical surplus of the research project so far is mainly rooted in a transnational conception of the academic field within the field of power, enabling a both horizontal and comparative perspective on specific national features. This perspective allows for a deeper understanding of the process of the symbolic construction of the European research area (ERA). By analyzing the interplay between national opening and European closure, several findings were gained: On the micro- and meso levels, in particular, a variety of transnational strategies concerning career, third-party funding and respective cooperation have developed, indicating an academic modus operandi that becomes increasingly Europeanized. However, the genesis of an ERA also involves potential conflicts: Based on our current results, further analysis needs to focus especially on transnational academic migration, effects of "brain-drain" and the emergence of a European academic elite.