Networks, Paradigms and Careers in the Academic Field: Sociology in Germany and the United States

学术领域的网络、范式和职业：德国和美国的社会学

• 批准号: 429041218
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Richard Münch
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften - Standort Köln
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/429041218?language=en
• 关键词: Networks; Paradigms; Careers; Academic; Field

This project assumes an increasing superimposition of the institutional economic competition between universities for competitive advantages on the individual scientific competition of scientists for progress of knowledge and recognition. It is assumed that this competition enhances the differentiation of the academic field into centre, semi-periphery and periphery, the canonization of knowledge along with a standardization of methods and the differentiation and standardization of careers. How far this development advances depends on the degree of centre/semi-periphery/periphery differentiation of a country’s academic field and the homogeneity of the existing knowledge as well as the standardization of methods of a discipline. Furtheron, the opposite effect of the expansion of science as a result of the growing number of professorships as well as scientific journals and subjects of research has to be taken into account. To account for these conditions, the investigation of the discipline of sociology looks at the changing academic fields in two countries that differ in these respects: the USA and Germany, which display higher respectively lower levels of centre/semi-periphery/periphery differentiation as well as expansion of science and higher respectively lower degrees of homogeneity of their knowledge and of standardization of methods. The time span of the investigation comprises 2000 to 2018. The investigation aims at testing a research approach which can be transferred to other subjects of the sociology of science and beyond.

该项目假设大学之间为竞争优势而进行的制度性经济竞争与科学家为获得知识和认知进步而进行的个人科学竞争日益叠加。据推测，这种竞争将促进学术领域向中心、半边缘和边缘的分化，促进知识的经典化，以及方法的标准化和职业的差异化和标准化。这一发展的进展程度取决于一国学术领域的中心/半边缘/边缘分化程度、现有知识的同质性以及一门学科方法的标准化。此外，必须考虑到由于教授、科学期刊和研究主题的增加而导致的科学扩张的相反效果。为了解释这些情况，社会学学科的调查着眼于两个在这些方面不同的国家不断变化的学术领域：美国和德国，这两个国家分别表现出较高的中心/半边缘/外围分化水平较低以及科学的扩张和较高的知识同质化程度和方法标准化程度较低。调查的时间跨度为2000至2018年。这项调查的目的是测试一种研究方法，这种方法可以转移到科学社会学的其他学科和其他学科。