ICE-T: In-Cloud Measurements of Black Carbon, Dust, CCN, Cloud Droplet Size and Ice Particle Shapes Over the Caribbean Sea

这项为期两年的工作将支持收集和解释基本的气溶胶和云微物理测量数据，这些数据来自由液滴测量技术公司（DMT）开发的仪器，这些仪器在Ice - t（“热带云中冰实验”）野外活动期间在NSF/NCAR C-130飞机上运行。通过单颗粒煤烟光谱仪（SP2）对难熔黑碳（烟灰）颗粒的质量进行明确的测量，包括从云滴和冰晶残留物中获得的残留物，将有助于描述烟灰和灰尘颗粒如何从大气中去除，以及这些颗粒是否（也许是如何）成为有效的冰核。利用DMT的消偏振气溶胶粒子谱仪（APSD）测量气溶胶的粒径分布、形状和折射率。这项工作的智力价值在于确定了在相对较浅（和相对普遍）的海洋对流云中导致初冰的机制，由于它们相对较短的寿命，可以作为环境冰的来源，有效地为后来在相对温暖（约-10摄氏度）的温度下形成积云以及通过二次冰的产生提供种子。这项研究的更广泛影响包括，活跃于仪器设计的受支持研究人员与大学研究人员和专门解释这些仪器和其他仪器产生的大量数据的学生之间扩大了互动和协同作用。由于一名共同研究者隶属于墨西哥国立自治大学（UNAM），国际合作和对发展中国家科学进步的贡献也将得到鼓励。

This two-year effort will support collection and interpretation of fundamental aerosol and cloud microphysical measurements from instrumentation developed by Droplet Measurement Technology, Inc. (DMT) as operated aboard the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft during the ICE-T (the "Ice in Clouds Experiment-Tropical") field campaign. Unambiguous measurements of the mass of refractory black carbon (soot) particles to be made via a single-particle soot spectrometer (SP2), including residuals obtained from cloud droplet and ice crystal residues, will serve to describe how soot and dust particles are removed from the atmosphere as well as if (and perhaps how) these particles serve as efficient ice nuclei. Measurements of aerosol size distributions, shape and refractive index by DMT's aerosol particle spectrometer with depolarization (APSD) instrument will also be obtained.The intellectual merit of this effort rests in the identification of those mechanisms leading to first-ice within comparatively shallow (and relatively ubiquitous) maritime convective clouds, which owing to their relatively short lifetimes may serve as a source of ambient ice that effectively seeds later developing cumulus clouds at relatively warm (ca. -10 degC) temperatures as well as through secondary ice production. Broader impacts of this research include expanded interactions and synergies between supported investigators active in instrument design with university-based researchers and students specializing in interpretation of large suites of data emerging from these and other instruments. Owing to one co-investigator's affiliation with the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), international collaborations and contributions to the advancement of science in a developing nation will also be encouraged.