Soot, Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Small Particle Shape Discrimination in Clouds

智力优势：云凝结核（CCN）、烟尘质量和云粒子浓度、大小和形状的测量将作为云层中冰实验（ICE-L）的一部分进行，而烟尘质量仅用于太平洋尘埃实验（PACDEX）。 这些测量将使用液滴测量技术公司的连续流流向热梯度CCN计数器、单粒子烟尘光度计（SP-2）、云气溶胶光谱仪（CAS）和云成像探测器（CIP）进行。 CCN的空中测量将与在落基山脉高海拔地区的地面测量相关联。 烟尘的测量将在无云空气、云间隙空气和云颗粒残留物中进行。 小于50微米的过冷水滴的冻结状态将从CAS测量的前向散射比导出。这些测量将有助于实现国际地球物理实验室环境实验室和太平洋空间数据交换中心科学概览文件中所述的若干目标;通过检测云中冰粒的初始形成，在短空间尺度上测量冰粒大小、浓度和大量冷凝水的性质，识别哪些气溶胶颗粒具有冰核活性，并表征冰成核颗粒的物理和化学性质。 更广泛的影响：这项研究涉及一家专门从事云和气溶胶粒子特性测量仪器的私营公司与专门从事分析和解释这些仪器测量结果的大学研究人员和学生之间的合作。 这项研究将解决对气候科学至关重要的云辐射问题。

Intellectual Merit: Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), soot mass and cloud particle concentration, size and shape will be conducted as part of the Ice in Clouds-Layer Experiment (ICE-L), and soot mass only for the PACific Dust EXperiment (PACDEX). These measurements will be made with the Droplet Measurement Technologies continuous-flow streamwise thermal-gradient CCN counter, the single particle soot photometer (SP-2) the Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) and the Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP). The airborne measurements of CCN will be correlated with those made on the ground at a high altitude location in the Rocky Mountains. The measurements of soot will be made in cloud-free air, cloud interstitial air and cloud particle residuals. The freezing state of supercooled water droplets smaller than 50 microns will be derived from the forward to backscattering ratios measured with the CAS. The measurements will contribute to the accomplishment of a number of the objectives described in the ICE-L and PACDEX science overview documents; determine which heterogeneous ice nucleation modes are active and important by detecting the initial formation of ice particles in clouds, measurement of ice particle size, concentration and bulk condensed water properties over short spatial scales, identify which aerosol particles are active as ice nuclei and characterize the physical and chemical properties of the ice nucleating particles. Broader Impacts: The study involves collaboration between a private company that specializes in instruments for measuring cloud and aerosol particle properties and university researchers and students who specialize in the analysis and interpretation of measurements made with these instruments. The research will address cloud radiation issues critical to climate sciences.