MRI Consortium: Development of a Monochromator System for Enabling New Imaging and Submicron Probes for High Pressure Research

技术摘要该提案寻求资金，以获得低温冷却的双晶X射线单色仪系统，供阿贡国家实验室高级光子源(APS)的HPCAT同步加速器财团使用。收购最先进的单色仪将使我们能够充分利用新的、强大的倾斜波动器源的全部容量，根据APS X射线源升级计划，该源计划于今年秋天安装。通过处理来自升级的波荡器的5-10倍的热负荷，并保持源的尺寸、稳定性和相干性，所提出的新单色器系统将使高压X射线衍射、光谱和成像实验的空间和时间分辨率提高一到两个数量级，并将有效用户光束时间增加一倍。高压同步加速器技术的这种前所未有的进步将极大地促进在超导、铁电、巨磁阻性、声子动力学、费米表面嵌套、d电子自旋配对、f电子离域和绝缘体-金属相变等领域的高压物理研究，以及在高压合成和表征新型氮化物、氢化物、氧化物、分子化合物、晶体非晶化、成键变化和光化学等领域的化学研究。基础研究的进展反过来又影响到应用科学，从了解地球和行星的深部到创造新的和技术上重要的材料。世界一流的高压同步加速器联合体的及时升级对美国高压研究和教育界至关重要，并使学生和博士后研究人员受益，他们是该联合体设施的主要用户。非技术抽象压力是改变所有物质状态的基本环境。在目前可获得的300千兆帕斯卡的压力范围内(即海平面上地球大气压力的300万倍)，普通材料转变成可能具有对现代技术应用极其有用的特性的新形式。然而，科学技术的巨大潜力的实现依赖于在极端压力下探测这些性质的仪器的进步。我们建议收购最先进的高压X射线仪器，即单色仪组件，可以充分利用新升级的HPCAT设施强大的X射线源的全部容量。拟议的仪器将提供原子尺度的清晰度和百万分之一秒的时间分辨率，用于研究广泛的压力诱导现象。它将导致高压材料研究在物理、化学和地球科学方面取得前所未有的进展。隐藏在地球和行星内部极端压力和温度下的深层秘密将被揭开。技术上有用的材料将在广阔的、未经勘探的高压区域被发现，并被回收用于正常条件下的使用。世界领先的高压联合体设施的及时升级对美国高压研究和教育界至关重要，特别是对该设施的主要用户--学生和博士后研究人员--的好处。

Technical AbstractThe proposal seeks funds to acquire a cryogenically-cooled, double-crystal, x-ray monochromator system for usage by the HPCAT synchrotron consortium at the Advanced Photon Sources (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. Acquisition of the state-of-the-art monochromator will enable us to harness the full capacity of the new, powerful, canted undulator source which is scheduled for installation this Fall according to the APS x-ray source upgrade program. By handling the 5-10 times higher heat load from the upgraded undulator and preserving the source size, stability, and coherence, the proposed new monochromator system will improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of high-pressure x-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and imaging experiments by one to two orders of magnitude and will double the effective user beam time. Such unprecedented advance in high-pressure synchrotron technology will greatly enhance high-pressure physics research in areas of superconductivity, ferroelectricity, colossal magnetoresistivity, phonon dynamics, Fermi-surface nesting, d-electron spin pairing, f-electron delocalization, and insulator-metal transition, and chemistry research in areas of high-pressure syntheses and characterizations of novel nitrides, hydrides, oxides, molecular compounds, crystal amorphization, bonding changes, and photochemistry. The progresses in fundamental research, in turn, impact on the applied sciences, ranging from the understanding the Earth's and planetary deep interiors to the creations of novel and technologically important materials. The timely upgrade of the world-class high-pressure synchrotron consortium is essential for the U.S. high-pressure research and education community, and benefits students and postdoctoral researchers who are the dominant users of the consortium facility.Non-Technical Abstract Pressure is a fundamental environment that alters all states of matter. In the currently accessible pressure range of 300 gigapascals (that is three million times the pressure of the Earth's atmosphere at sea level), ordinary materials transform to novel forms that may possess extremely useful properties for modern technological applications. Realization of the enormous potential in science and technology, however, relies upon the advancement of instrumentation for probing these properties under the extreme pressures. We propose to acquire a state-of-the-art high-pressure x-ray instrument, namely a monochromator assembly, that can harness the full capacity of the powerful x-ray source at the newly upgraded HPCAT facility. The proposed instrument will provide atomic-scale clarity and millionth-of-a-second time resolution for investigation of a wide range of pressure-induced phenomena. It will lead to unprecedented advances in high-pressure materials research in physics, chemistry and Earth sciences. The deep secrets hidden under the extreme pressures and temperatures in the Earth's and planetary interiors will be unraveled. Technologically useful materials will be discovered in the vast, unexplored, high-pressure regime, and recovered for usage at ordinary conditions. The timely upgrade of the world-leading high-pressure consortium facility is essential for the U.S. high-pressure research and education community, especially for the benefits of students and postdoctoral researchers who are the main users of the facility.