Asymmetries, tilt-angles, and differential rotation from sunspot observations by H.S. Schwabe

太阳黑子群的位置和大小一直可以追溯到1874年。将这些数据延伸到过去将提供一个更精确的太阳周期性质的图像。我们建议扩展H.S.施瓦贝，1825-1867年。PI于2009年将观察结果数字化。太阳黑子的个别位置和面积，以及它们在活跃区域的分组，必须为所有黑子确定。我们建议从这些位置，从他们的南北不对称性，可能的相位变化的北方对南半球，平均倾斜角超过四个周期观察到的，太阳黑子衰变导致湍流扩散值在太阳大气中的太阳蝴蝶图。另一个目标也是确定太阳在世纪的差异旋转。还可能扩大对太阳上可能存在的持久活动天体的搜索。

Positions and sizes of sunspot groups have been available continuously back to 1874. Extending these data into the past would deliver a more precise picture of the nature of the solar cycle. We propose to extent the positional and area data set by the sunspot observations by H.S. Schwabe from 1825–1867. The observations were digitized by the PI in 2009. The individual positions and areas of the sunspots as well as their groupings in active regions have to be determined for all spots. We propose to determine the solar butterfly diagram from these positions, the north-south asymmetry from them, possible phase shifts of the northern against the southern hemisphere, average tilt angles over the four cycles observed, and sunspot decay leading to turbulent diffusion values in the solar atmosphere. Another goal is also the determination of the differential rotation of the Sun in the 19th century. An extension of the search for possible persistent active longitudes on the Sun will also be possible.