Site survey and coring of potential IODP drill sites in the Western Pacific Warm Pool

智慧价值：印度-太平洋暖池(IPWP)是地球上最大的温暖地表水的蓄水池，是全球大气的主要热源，也是大气深层对流和强降雨的发源地。西太平洋暖池(WPWP)海表面温度(SST)的微小变化会影响Hadley环流和Walker环流上升支中对流的位置和强度，扰乱全球尺度的大气环流、全球大气加热和热带水文学。直到十年前，在古气候模型中对这一关键区域的高分辨率古透视基本上是不存在的，这要么是因为WPWP没有高分辨率的记录，要么是因为缺乏关键地点的记录。唯一可用的记录来自低沉积速率的地点，充其量只能解决冰期-间冰期(G-I)的变异性。然而，最近在印度尼西亚海道和附近海域开展的工作表明，有可能从世界压水堆的关键地点获得记录，其分辨率往往可与高纬度海洋的记录相媲美。在此，PIS建议对几个有可能通过综合海洋钻探计划(IODP)获取长期沉积物记录的地点进行调查。这些地点的战略选择是为了解决经向(例如ITCZ位移)与纬向(与ENSO有关)和垂直(温跃层深度)在千年、轨道和长期时间尺度上对热带气候的影响。更广泛的影响：以任何标准衡量，重建赤道气候都是过去十年来古海洋学研究的亮点之一。将从这一领域收集的记录有可能为气候变化的机制提供新的见解，并有助于测试用于气专委预测的气候模型。其次，该项目将加强研究基础设施，在巡航后立即向经批准的NSF数据库提供IODP提案所需的地震数据，这些数据是基于来自不同国家的许多倡导者之间的合作。最后，通过直接的船上指导和动手工作，邮轮将为下一代科学家提供复杂的取芯和海上多通道地震数据采集方面的培训，这两项都对进一步开展古海洋学研究至关重要。

Intellectual Merit: The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is the largest reservoir of warm surface water on earth, the major source of heat for the global atmosphere, and a location of deep atmospheric convection and heavy rainfall. Small variations in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), within the IPWP, influence the location and strength of convection in the rising limb of the Hadley and Walker circulations, perturbing planetary scale atmospheric circulation, atmospheric heating globally, and tropical hydrology. Until a decade ago, a high-resolution paleo-perspective on this critical area in paleoclimatic models was essentially non-existent due either to the lack of high-resolution records from the WPWP or because of the lack of records from key locations. The only available records came from low sedimentation rate sites that resolved glacial-interglacial (G-I) variability at best. However, recent work in the Indonesian Seaways and nearby seas has demonstrated the possibility of obtaining records from key locations in the WPWP, often with high resolution comparable to records from the high-latitude oceans. Here, the PIs propose to survey several sites that are potential candidates for obtaining long sediment records through the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). These sites are strategically selected in order to resolve the effects of meridional (e.g., ITCZ displacement) vs. zonal (ENSO related) and vertical (thermocline depth) on the tropical climate at millennial, orbital and secular time scale. Broader Impacts: Reconstructions of equatorial climate have been among the highlights of paleoceanographic research of the last decade, by any measure. The records to be collected from this area have the potential to offer new insights into mechanisms of climate change and to help in testing climate models that are used for the IPCC predictions. Secondly, the project would enhance infrastructure for research by providing (to approved NSF data repositories immediately after the cruise) the seismic data necessary for IODP proposals that are based on collaborations among many proponents from different countries. Finally, through direct shipboard instruction and hands-on work, the cruise will provide training for the next generation of scientists in the intricacies of coring and multi-channel seismic data acquisition at sea, both of which are critical for furthering paleoceanographic research.