Global and regional perspectives of Pleistocene paleoceanography in the western Pacific warm pool based on new sites from IODP Expedition 363

西太平洋暖池（WPWP）是大气中热量和水分的主要来源，是大气深层对流和强降雨的区域。 小扰动的海洋表面温度的WPWP的影响的位置和强度的对流的上升肢体的Hadley和步行者环流，扰动行星尺度的大气环流，大气加热，热带水文，以及热量和CO2储存在温跃层和它们的运输到印度洋通过印度尼西亚的对流。 模型不同意偏离现代气候学将如何影响该地区的水文气候条件，即，是否会出现更严重的干旱或更强的季风降雨。 无论哪种方式，这些变化都可能扰乱受影响地区许多人的生活，通过作物歉收、山体滑坡、沿海地区洪水以及人类和野生动物的损失，破坏人口稠密地区的当地经济。国际海洋发现计划（IODP）第363次考察试图记录整个新近纪（~0-20 My）的气候和古海洋学变化的区域表达和驱动机制，在千年和轨道时间尺度上，以响应辐射强迫和不同背景气候状态的变化，以改善该地区气候变化的预测。该奖项支持对363远征期间收集的两个核心的研究。将在巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）以北约200公里的马努斯盆地的U1486站点生成从上新世晚期（约2.25 Ma）至今的轨道尺度底栖同位素记录。氧同位素地层学将是关键的水文气候变异性在这个网站上获得的解释代理重建，包括来自巴布亚新几内亚和南极有孔虫同位素和元素记录的陆源河流输入的XRF分析。 底栖有孔虫碳同位素和微量金属记录将用于评估中间水温和碳含量的变化如何影响WPWP水文通过中更新世至晚更新世及其对区域和全球气候的影响。第二个地点（U1485）位于巴布亚新几内亚北方边缘，靠近塞皮克/拉姆河河口，其特点是沉积速率非常高，将用于重建过去500 My的前间冰期的气候条件。 具体而言，将生成终止I和全新世的浮游生物和底栖生物同位素和元素记录，并与终止II和IV以及随后比现在温暖的间冰期峰值（即，Eemian/ MIS 5e和MIS 11），以评估WPWP上层海洋如何响应与下一个世纪预测的边界条件类似的偏离。资金支持博士后科学家和本科生的研究机会这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

The Western-Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is a major source of heat and moisture to the atmosphere, being a region of deep atmospheric convection and heavy rainfall. Small perturbations in sea surface temperature of the WPWP influence the location and strength of convection in the rising limb of the Hadley and Walker circulations, perturbing planetary scale atmospheric circulation, atmospheric heating, and tropical hydrology, as well as heat and CO2 storage in the thermocline and their transport to the Indian Ocean through the Indonesian Throughflow. Models disagree how departures from modern climatology will affect the hydroclimate conditions in this area i.e., whether more intense droughts or stronger monsoonal rains should be expected. Either way, these changes can disrupt the lives of many people in regions so affected, devastating local economies of heavily populated regions through crop failure, landslides, flooding of coastal regions, and loss of human and wild lives. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 363 sought to document the regional expression and driving mechanisms of climate and paleoceanographic variability throughout the Neogene (~0-20 My) in the WPWP on millennial and orbital time scales in response to changes in radiative forcing and varying background climate states, in order to improve predictions of climate change in this region. This award supports research on two of the cores collected during Expedition 363. Orbital-scale benthic isotope record will be generated at Site U1486 in the Manus Basin, ~200 km north of Papua New Guinea (PNG) spanning the late Pliocene (~2.25 Ma) to Present. The oxygen isotope stratigraphy will be key for interpreting proxy reconstructions of hydroclimate variability obtained at this site, including XRF analysis of terrigenous riverine inputs originated from PNG and planktonic foraminiferal isotope and elemental records. Benthic foraminifera carbon isotope and trace metal records will be used to assess how changes in intermediate water temperature and carbon content affected the WPWP hydrography through the mid-to-late Pleistocene and their implications to the regional and global climate. A second site (U1485) on the northern margin of PNG close the Sepik/Ramu River mouths, characterized by very high sedimentation rates, will be used to reconstruct climate conditions during previous interglacials of the past 500 My. Specifically, both planktonic and benthic isotope and elemental records will be generated for Termination I and the Holocene, and compared with Terminations II and IV and the following warmer-than-present interglacial peaks (i.e., Eemian/ MIS 5e and MIS 11) to assess how the WPWP upper ocean responded to deviations from boundary conditions similar to those predicted for the next century. Funding supports a postdoctoral scientist and research opportunities for undergraduate studentsThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.