CPS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Efficient Mapping and Management of Applications onto Cyber-Physical Systems

计算环境是一个高度异质的空间，包括具有各种传感、驱动和计算能力的固定和移动节点(包括移动设备、家用电器、出租车、机器人无人机等)。构建在这些设备上的网络物理应用程序有可能收集、分析数据，并适应或控制一系列环境。然而，挑战在于，网络物理系统(CPS)很难编程，更难从一个部署整合到另一个部署，或随着节点可用性的变化进行动态管理。因此，CPS应用程序经常以脆弱的方式进行编程，这阻碍了它们在一次性部署之外高效地使用可用的计算/检测/执行资源的能力。作为回应，该项目正在改进四个主要推进器的CPS设计和控制。首先，该项目正在开发CPSISA，这是一个抽象层或中间表示，以促进CPS应用程序将其计算/感知/执行需求表达到较低级别的映射和管理层。其次，该项目正在探索提供设备属性目录(DAC)的方法，该目录总结了一个区域-S可用CP节点及其功能。第三，本研究正在改进和开发对CPS节点的移动性进行建模、预测和控制的能力。当一些CPS节点是移动的时，CPS应用的准确性和性能基本上是节点在任何时刻所处位置的函数。这项工作既利用了静态统计覆盖分析，也利用了动态预测和内插。第四，使用CPSISA、DAC和其他资源作为输入，团队正在开发工具，以静态或动态地优化CPS应用程序到可用资源的映射。为了以详细和具体的方式测试想法，正在研究和部署两个应用程序。首先，用于紧急响应协助的FireGuide应用程序使用移动/机器人节点组来指导建筑火灾中的第一响应者。其次，区域交通管理(RTM)应用程序展示了区域层面的想法，并将探索汽车交通感应和动态通行费收费的CPS场景。拟议的研究计划有可能产生广泛的社会影响。改善建筑物紧急情况处理方式的研究将提高全国各地居住者和急救人员的应急反应安全。同样，有关区域交通管理的部署计划将改善美国各地通勤者的交通模式、燃油效率和生活质量。研究团队正在分发CPSISA、CPSMap和CPSDyn软件框架，以允许其他研究人员和开发人员使用它们。广泛的行业合作促进了有效的技术转让。最后，该项目继续进行，并扩大了PI？在本科生研究、咨询和指导女学生和代表人数不足的少数群体成员方面有过往记录。

The computing landscape is a richly-heterogeneous space including both fixed and mobile nodes with a large variety of sensing, actuation and computational capabilities (including mobile devices, home electronics, taxis, robotic drones, etc.). Cyber-physical applications built on these devices have the potential to gather data on, analyze, and adapt to or control a range of environments. The challenge, however, is that Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are difficult to program, and even more difficult to incorporate from one deployment to another, or to dynamically manage as nodes availability changes. Thus, CPS applications are too often programmed in a brittle fashion that impedes their ability to efficiently use available compute/sense/actuate resources beyond a one-shot deployment. In response, this project is improving CPS design and control in four primary thrusts. First, the project is developing CPSISA, an abstraction layer or intermediate representation to facilitate CPS applications expressing their compute/sense/actuate requirements to lower-level mapping and management layers. Second, the project is exploring methods of providing a Device Attribute Catalog (DAC) that summarizes a region?s available CPS nodes and their capabilities. Third, this research is improving and exploiting the ability to model, predict, and control the mobility of CPS nodes. When some CPS nodes are mobile, the accuracy and performance of a CPS application fundamentally is a function of where nodes will be positioned at any moment in time. This work exploits both static statistical coverage analysis and dynamic prediction and interpolation. Fourth, using CPSISA, DAC, and other resources as input, the team is developing tools to statically or dynamically optimize mappings of CPS applications onto available resources. To test ideas in a detailed and concrete manner, two applications are being studied and deployed. First, the FireGuide application for emergency response assistance uses groups of mobile/robotic nodes for guiding first responders in building fires. Second, a Regional Traffic Management (RTM) application demonstrates ideas at the regional level and will explore CPS scenarios for automobile traffic sensing and dynamic toll pricing. The proposed research program has the potential for broad societal impact. Studies that improve how building emergencies are handled will improve emergency response safety both for occupants and for first responders around the country. Likewise, the deployment plans regarding regional traffic management will improve traffic patterns, fuel efficiency and quality-of-life for commuters across the United States. The research team is distributing the CPSISA, CPSMap, and CPSDyn software frameworks to allow other researchers and developers to make use of them. Extensive industry collaborations foster effective technology transfer. Finally, the project continues and broadens the PIs? prior track records for undergraduate research advising and for mentoring women students and members of under-represented minority groups.