Collaborative Research: RAPID - Post-Disaster Structural Data Collection Following the 11 March 2011 Tohoku, Japan Tsunami

2011年3月11日，日本东北部海域发生里氏9.0级地震，引发海啸，对沿着日本海岸线的城市造成了广泛的结构性破坏。 详细记录这次海啸造成的水流深度和结构响应，将提供可用于验证海啸淹没模型和计算淹没结构响应的相应方法的数据。 这项快速反应研究（RAPID）奖的主要目标是收集2011年3月海啸对日本时间敏感的影响数据，这些数据很快就会丢失，因为受影响地区的建筑物和基础设施正在修复或拆除。 调查小组包括来自夏威夷大学和俄勒冈州州立大学的研究人员和学生。 这项研究的重点将是在宫城和岩手县海岸线几个最严重受损地区收集详细的局部数据，而不是像其他地方和国际侦察队那样对所有淹没地区进行一般性调查。 通过这项合同，侦察队将收集高分辨率的地面激光雷达数据。 激光雷达数据将用于生成虚拟模型，可以查询关键站点的流量深度、观测到的最大助跑和冲刷深度等测量结果。这些将辅之以人工测量和视频及照片分析。 激光雷达数据还将为待研究的结构提供详细的尺寸数据。对具体研究领域的关注将提供验证海啸淹没模型所需的数据。此外，受损结构和未受损结构的结构特性将用于确定海啸淹没期间施加的流体静力学、流体动力学和冲击力。该现场勘察将有助于解决海啸设计规定中关于海啸钻孔和/或陆地上的波浪涌和冲刷的流速和动量的几个关键问题，并获得关于基于风险的设计标准和结构抵抗最大可信海啸的最终能力的总体问题的信息。 该小组将与教科文组织领导的国际海啸调查小组协调侦察活动。 这些数据对于了解如何设计建筑物以抵抗地震和海啸以确保公共安全非常重要。 美国和世界上其他许多面临类似危险的地方将从这些发现中受益，这将有助于制定对公共安全至关重要的建筑设计规范。 这些新的标准得到了该项目收集的信息的验证，也可以在不久的将来提供数据，以帮助日本在其受灾沿海地区的恢复阶段。该项目还将使研究生能够观察受海啸影响的地点，并从这一事件中学习，以便他们能够更好地领导后代工程师减少地震和海啸风险。

The tsunami triggered by the 11 March 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake off Tohoku, Japan, created widespread structural damage in cities along the Japanese coastline. Careful documentation of flow depth and structural response resulting from this tsunami will provide data that can be used to validate tsunami inundation models and corresponding methodologies for calculating structural response due to the inundation. The primary objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award is to collect time sensitive impact data in Japan from this March 2011 tsunami that will soon be lost, as buildings and infrastructure in the affected areas are repaired or demolished. The investigation team includes researchers and students from the University of Hawaii and Oregon State University. This study will focus on collecting detailed, localized data in several of the most severely damaged areas of the coastline in the Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures, rather than a general survey of all of the inundation areas, which has been undertaken by other local and international reconnaissance teams. Through this award, the reconnaissance team will collect high resolution, ground based LIDAR data. The LIDAR data will be used to generate virtual models that can be queried for measurements such as flow depths, observed maximum run-up, and scour depths at key sites. These will be complemented with manual measurements and analysis of videos and photographs. The LIDAR data will also provide detailed dimensional data for the structures to be studied. The focus in specific areas of study will provide the data needed for validation of the tsunami inundation model. Furthermore, the structural properties of both damaged structures and undamaged structures will be used to determine hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and impact forces applied during the tsunami inundation. This field reconnaissance will help resolve several key questions in the tsunami design provisions regarding flow velocities and momentum of tsunami bores and/or wave surges over land and scouring, as well as gain information on overarching questions on risk-based design criteria and the ultimate capabilities of structures to resist a maximum credible tsunami. This team will coordinate reconnaissance activities with the UNESCO-led International Tsunami Survey Team. Such data are important for understanding how to design buildings to resist earthquakes and tsunamis for public safety. Many parts of the United States and other places in the world that face similar hazards will benefit from such discoveries, which will help shape building design codes, which are important for public safety. These new standards, validated by information collected on this project, could also provide data in the near future to assist Japan in the recovery phase of their disaster stricken coastal areas. This project will also enable graduate students to observe sites impacted by tsunamis and learn from this event so that they will be better prepared to lead future generations of engineers in reducing seismic and tsunami risk.