RAPID: Revolution's Refugees: Displaced Libyans in Tunisia and the Formation of Transnational Amazigh (Berber) Consciousness

凯瑟琳·e·霍夫曼博士（西北大学）将进行人类学实地研究，研究种族在使因政治暴力而流离失所的人口融入第一庇护国方面的作用，以及跨国种族特性在难民情况下促进难民同化的方式。本项目考虑了阿拉伯之春革命对少数民族人口的影响，并以利比亚和突尼斯的阿马齐格（柏柏尔）人口为例进行了研究。由于利比亚柏柏尔人的流离失所迫在眉睫，而且局势何时会发生变化尚不可知，因此这项RAPID建议具有紧迫性。该项目的重点是妇女和老年人，她们是建立和维持地方和跨国种族特性的核心角色，尽管受到忽视。利比亚难民在突尼斯的非正式安置——在农村社区自愿提供的住房和突尼斯私人住宅——意味着外行而不是援助人员在管理这些流离失所人口的大部分融合工作。来自利比亚西部和突尼斯南部的难民是伊马齐根人（柏柏尔人），他们说塔马齐特语，分享各自国家的习俗和长期歧视。长期以来，关于土著人民（如北非的Imazighen）的研究一直关注他们在祖传土地上的根源，而这个项目则关注土著群体如何在流离失所的背景下转型。研究将集中在日常材料和话语实践在妇女和老年人的工作和社交。突尼斯南部的数据收集将包括生活史、参与者观察、访谈和话语分析，以记录难民在流亡期间组织其经济和社会生活的策略随时间的变化，并标记与东道国的相似性和独特性。这项对个人和家庭的定性研究将由难民专员办事处和救济机构收集的数据加以补充，并将对救济组织、决策者和学者有用。

Dr. Katherine E. Hoffman (Northwestern University) will undertake anthropological field research on the role of ethnicity in the integration of populations displaced by political violence into the country of first asylum, and the ways in which transnational ethnic identity may facilitate refugee assimilation in refugee situations. This project considers the effects of the Arab Spring revolutions on minority populations, taking as a case study the Amazigh (Berber) populations of Libya and Tunisia. The urgency associated with this RAPID proposal results from the immediacy of the displacement of the Libyan Berbers and the unknowns about how soon the situation may change. The project focuses on the women and the elderly who are central, albeit overlooked, actors in the construction and maintenance of local and transnational ethnic identities. The informal settlement of Libyan refugees into Tunisia - in rural community-volunteered housing and private Tunisian homes - means that laypeople rather than aid workers are managing much of the integration of this displaced population. Refugees from western Libya and their southern Tunisian hosts are Imazighen (Berbers), speaking the Tamazight language and sharing both customs and longstanding discrimination by their respective states. Whereas scholarship on indigenous people such as North Africa's Imazighen has long focused on their rootedness in ancestral lands, this project asks instead how indigenous groups transform in contexts of displacement. The research will focus on the everyday material and discursive practices in the work and socializing of women and the elderly. Data collection in southern Tunisia will include life histories, participant observation, interviews, and discourse analysis to document over time the shifts in strategies used by refugees to organize their economic and social lives in exile and to mark similarity with and distinctiveness from their hosts. This qualitative study of individuals and families will be complemented by data collection from the UNHCR and relief agencies and will be useful to relief organizations, policymakers, and scholars.