EAGER-ORCID: Investigating ORCID as an accelerator of science of science policy

将学术成果归功于个别学者的能力，是科学政策的严谨和数据驱动科学的基本推动力；它能够以准确和一致的方式自动链接研究投入和研究产出。本研究探讨了一种新的研究者身份识别和档案系统能否为自动归因系统提供基础。目标是通过与少数美国研究机构和联邦政府合作，完善和部署一个档案系统，探索该系统在用于获取和提供有关美国研究人员的信息时如何在实践中工作。这项研究适合EAGER计划，因为它同时具有高风险（研究人员身份系统可能在许多方面失败，包括技术、制度和社会学）和高回报（它可以从根本上改变科学活动的记录方式）。智力优势：归因问题非常复杂。存在一些技术挑战，例如如何生成唯一的研究者标识符，将这些标识符与诸如出版物和专利之类的研究产出相匹配，以及以可靠和有效的方式维护大量的研究者档案。存在人机界面问题，例如隐私问题和用户友好的索赔机制。还有一些实质性的社会问题，如激励和奖励参与以及实现网络效应。更广泛的影响：在本项目中开发和评估的研究人员标识和档案系统的好处远远超出了科学政策。研究人员的个人资料可以用来简化拨款申请，出版手稿，和就业申请过程。研究人员可以使用这种方法来包括他们对学术记录的所有贡献，例如同行评审、数据管理和软件开发。通过使有关研究和研究人员的数据更加可见，个人资料还可以帮助研究人员找到潜在的合作者并建立网络。研究机构可以使用这些简介来帮助他们评估与特定研究团队、部门和/或机构相关的研究成果，并支持工作招聘过程。在所有情况下，简介都将有助于确定强大的研究领域，并跟踪其教员的出版物。学术团体可以使用个人资料来增强其公众成员的个人资料。出版商可以在他们的期刊提交系统中使用个人资料来跟踪作者和审稿人，从而有效地筛选利益冲突。同一作者及其合作者的文章之间的可靠联系有助于促进相关学术作品的发现。

The ability to attribute the results of scholarship to individual scholars is a fundamental enabler of a rigorous and data-driven science of science policy; it enables the automated linkage of research inputs to research outputs in an accurate and consistent manner. The research explores whether a new researcher identification and profile system can provide the basis for an automated attribution system.The goals are to refine and deploy a profile system by working with a small number of US research institutions and the federal government to explore how this system works in practice when used to acquire and provide access to information about US researchers. This research is suitable for the EAGER program because it is simultaneously high risk (there are many ways in which a researcher identity system can fail, including technical, institutional, and sociological) and high reward (it can fundamentally change the way in which scientific activity is documented).Intellectual Merit: The attribution problem is extremely complex. There are technical challenges such as how to generate unique researcher identifiers, match those identifiers with research outputs such as publications and patents and maintain large numbers of researcher profiles in a reliable and efficient manner. There are human computer interface issues, such as privacy concerns and user-friendly claiming mechanisms. There are also substantive social issues such as incentivizing and rewarding participation as well as achieving network effects.Broader impacts: The researcher identifier and profile system to be developed and evaluated in this project has benefits well beyond science policy. Researcher profiles can be used to streamline grant application, publication manuscript, and employment application processes. Researchers could use the approach to include all their contributions to the scholarly record, such as peer review, data curation, and software development. By making data about research and researchers more visible, profiles can also help researchers locate potential collaborators and develop networks. Research institutions can use such profiles to help them to evaluate the research outputs associated with specific research teams, departments, and/or institutions, and to support the job recruitment process. In all cases, profiles will enable the identification of strong areas of research and to track the publications of their faculty. Scholarly societies could use profiles to enhance their public member profiles. Publishers could use profiles to track authors and reviewers in their journal submission systems, with the ability to screen effectively for conflicts of interest. Reliable linkage among articles by the same authors and their collaborators could help promote the discovery of related scholarly works.