CAREER: General Relativistic Modeling of Stellar Death for Advanced LIGO Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

该计划将在理论上支持Advanced LIGO对恒星坍缩和核心坍缩超新星的引力波（GW）的搜索，并将为核心坍缩超新星的GW-中微子多信使天文学奠定基础，为下一个银河系超新星做准备。该项目团队将开发开源计算机软件和有效的算法，以全3D方式模拟核心坍缩超新星，研究引力波和中微子的相关发射，并建立对这些信使如何有益地用于探测超新星天体物理学和基础物理学的理解。 该教育计划包括在加州理工学院举办两年一度的暑期班，将天文学和引力波物理学研究生聚集在一起，对他们进行引力波源的物理学和天体物理学培训。核心坍缩超新星是宇宙中能量最大的事件之一。它们是由超巨星的坍缩引发的，它们的爆炸使星际气体富含生命元素（碳，氧，铁）。 这项研究计划的动机是迫切需要了解核心坍缩超新星是如何工作的。已知这些极端事件与大质量恒星的坍缩有关，但尚未清楚地确定最初的坍缩是如何逆转并转变为爆炸的。通过先进的LIGO和中微子天文台对下一个星系核心坍缩超新星的观测可能会揭示超新星现象，本研究项目致力于为解释此类信号创造理论基础。 该计划的教育部分的动机是需要，在准备先进的LIGO，培训第一代真正的GW天文学家-科学家谁是在物理学和引力波的观测和在物理学和天体物理学的来源培训。

This program will theoretically underpin Advanced LIGO's searches for gravitational waves (GWs) from stellar collapse and core-collapse supernovae and will lay the foundations for a GW-neutrino multimessenger astronomy of core-collapse supernovae in preparation for the next galactic supernova. The project team will develop open-source computer software and efficient algorithms to simulate core-collapse supernovae in full 3D, study the associated emission of gravitational waves and neutrinos, and establish the understanding of how these messengers can be profitably used to probe the astrophysics of supernovae and fundamental physics. The education program consists of a bi-annual summer school at the California Institute of Technology that will bring together astronomy and gravitational-wave physics graduate students to train them in the physics and astrophysics of gravitational-wave sources.Core-collapse supernovae are among the most energetic events in the universe. They are triggered by the collapse of supergiant stars and their explosions enrich the interstellar gas with the elements of life (carbon, oxygen, iron). This research program is motivated by the pressing need to understand how core-collapse supernovae work. It is known that these extreme events are connected to the collapse of massive stars, but it has not yet been clearly established how the initial collapse is reversed and turned into an explosion. An observation of the next galactic core-collapse supernova by Advanced LIGO and by neutrino observatories may shed light on the supernova phenomenon and this research project strives towards creating the theoretical foundation for the interpretation of such signals. The educational part of this program is motivated by the need, in preparation for Advanced LIGO, of training the first generation of true GW astronomers -- scientists who are trained in the physics and observation of gravitational waves and in the physics and astrophysics of their sources.