Supporting Community Use of the Community Earth System Model for Polar Science

气候模型一直表明，极地地区是对气候强迫扰动最敏感的地区之一。近年来，随着北极经历了显著的变暖和前所未有的海冰损失，这种情况已经出现。相比之下，南极海冰几乎没有经历过持续的长期半球变化。气候模型研究表明，这与南大洋的热量吸收有关，并受到大气变化模式趋势的影响。虽然已经有了基本的了解，但对两极地区复杂的相互作用以及各种过程的相对作用仍有许多未知之处。目前这一代的地球系统模型具有更高的分辨率，并纳入了新的物理和能力。因此，它们为研究极地气候过程提供了越来越强大的虚拟实验室。为了进一步提高地球系统模式预测的准确性和预测能力，需要在观测和过程理解的基础上对模式进行改进。更广泛的影响：现有地球系统模式的复杂性和不可访问性长期以来一直是其广泛使用的障碍。社区地球系统模型（CESM）是一个真正的社区模型，由广泛的地球科学研究社区建立和使用，以了解各种各样的过程。与其他地球系统建模工作不同，CESM的源代码和模拟输出通过支持版本免费提供给科学界。广泛的研究界被邀请参与模型开发，分析和实验设计，通过参与工作组，包括极地气候工作组（PCWG），这是开放给所有参与者。要实现富有成效的互动，使更广泛的研究界参与地球系统模型的开发和使用，就需要资源。该提案将通过提供资金支持极地气候工作组与科学界之间的联络，使极地科学界能够使用和发展CESM。

Climate models have consistently indicated that polar regions are among the most sensitive to perturbations in climate forcing. This has been born out in recent years as the Arctic has undergone significant warming and unprecedented sea ice loss. In contrast, Antarctic sea ice has experienced little consistent long-term hemispheric change. Climate model studies suggest this is related to Southern Ocean heat uptake and is influenced by trends in atmospheric modes of variability. Although a basic understanding has been obtained, much remains unknown about the complex interactions in both polar regions and the relative role of various processes. The current generation of Earth system models have higher resolution and incorporate new physics and capabilities. As such, they provide increasingly powerful virtual laboratories to investigate polar climate processes. Model improvements based on observations and process understanding are needed to further increase the fidelity and predictive capability of earth system model projections.Broader impacts: The complexity and inaccessibility of existing earth system models has long been a barrier to their widespread use. The Community Earth System Model (CESM), which is based at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), is a true community model, built and used by the broad earth science research community to understand a wide variety of processes. Unlike other earth system modeling efforts, the CESM source code and simulation output are made freely available to the scientific community through supported releases. The broad research community is invited to participate in model development, analysis, and experimental design through involvement in working groups, including the Polar Climate Working Group (PCWG), that are open to all participants. Enabling fruitful interactions that allow the broader research community to be involved in the development and use of an earth system model requires resources. This proposal will enable the use and development of CESM by the polar science community through funding to support liaisons between the Polar Climate Working Group and the scientific community.