Extending the Capabilities for Fully Coupled Land-Ice Simulations within the Community Earth System Model

陆地冰的质量损失（主要是融化和冰山排放）正在加速，并将很快成为长期海平面上升的主要原因。为了评估对沿海地区的威胁，需要对陆冰变化进行精确的、基于物理的预测。虽然取得了进展，但对21世纪及以后海平面上升的预测仍存在不确定性。这在一定程度上是因为用于气候预测的模型传统上包含了对陆地冰的非常简单的处理。该奖项将允许在预测模型中更准确地考虑陆冰的作用，特别是通过继续开发社区地球系统模型（CESM）中复杂的陆冰成分。一个人将直接完成任务，并可以培训其他人。这项工作的更广泛影响包括更好地预测海平面上升，这将为沿海规划者提供更好的信息，以支持制定有效的缓解和适应战略。该项目的具体组成部分包括在CESM中加入冰盖、陆地和大气之间的保守的双向耦合。这将有助于改进长期模拟，以评估冰盖/气候的耦合相互作用。此外，该项目将支持增强CESM的雪物理模型，这是精确模拟未来冰盖质量变化所需的一个组件。最后，该项目将为改进模型基础设施提供支持，以更好地模拟北极和南极冰盖的未来演变，以及更好地预测可以作为未来类似物研究的古冰盖。总之，这些活动将产生完善的研究工具，以解决未来海平面上升的重要问题。

Mass loss (primarily melting and iceberg discharge) from land ice is accelerating and will soon become the dominant contribution to long-term sea level rise. Accurate, physically-based projections of land-ice change are needed to assess the threats to coastal regions. While progress has been made, uncertainty still exists in sea level rise projections for the 21st century and beyond. This is in part because the models used for climate projections have traditionally incorporated very simple treatments of land ice. This award will allow for more accurate consideration of the role of land ice within predictive models, specifically through continued development of a sophisticated land ice component in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). One individual will work directly on the task, and will be available to train others. The Broader Impacts of this work include better predictions of sea level rise, which will provide coastal planners with better information to support the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Specific components of this project include adding conservative, two-way coupling between ice sheets, the land, and the atmosphere into the CESM. This will allow for improved long-term simulations to assess coupled ice-sheet/climate interactions. In addition, the project will support enhancements to the CESM's snow physics model, a component needed for accurate modeling of future ice-sheet mass changes. Finally, this project will provide support for improved model infrastructure that is needed to better simulate the future evolution of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, as well as better hindcasting of paleo ice sheets that can be studied as analogs for the future. Together, these activities will result in refined research tools to address the important question of future sea level rise.