Theoretical Study of Nucleon Structure and Hadronic Interactions

中子和质子是原子核的组成部分，它们由夸克组成。 我们研究了核子的夸克子结构以及含有重夸克的粒子。 我们专注于夸克的近似对称性，如味对称性和电荷对称性，这将是一个精确的对称性，如果质子和中子是相同的。 我们计划研究产生重夸克的高能核反应，在那里我们可以区分胶子分裂产生的“非本征”夸克和介子云模型中出现的“本征”重夸克。 我们将特别关注在未来的电子-离子对撞机上观测重夸克产生的可能性。 我们将继续研究Regge交换对硬排他过程的影响。 包含Regge交换的振幅违反了硬互斥过程的因式分解定理，从而获得了对四动量转移的可测量依赖性。 我们将模拟电子或原子在小的二维纳米尺度系统中的运动，在这些系统中，粒子的波动性质产生了巨大的影响。 这项工作涉及本科生和博士后的培训，他们成为复杂系统的专家，并应用于技术，国防，通信和金融。 最近的博士后包括几名妇女。 首席研究员为非科学家举办关于物理学进展的研讨会，提高普通民众的科学素养。 PI最近参加了一个“大历史”合作，涉及物理学家，天文学家，地质学家，生物学家和人类学家。 这一合作已经产生了两个专题讨论会，一个博物馆展览和一个网站，并计划在未来制作DVD和一本书。

Neutrons and protons, the constituents of the atomic nucleus, are composed of quarks. We study the quark substructure of nucleons and also particles that contain heavy quarks. We focus on approximate symmetries of quarks such as flavor symmetry and charge symmetry, which would be an exact symmetry if protons and neutrons were identical. We plan to study high-energy nuclear reactions that produce heavy quarks, where we can differentiate between "extrinsic" quarks produced by gluon splitting and "intrinsic" heavy quarks such as appear in meson-cloud models. We will particularly focus on possibilities for observing heavy-quark production at a future electron-ion collider. We will continue our investigations of the effects of Regge exchange on hard exclusive processes. Amplitudes that include Regge exchange violate the factorization theorem for hard exclusive processes and thus acquire a measurable dependence on the four-momentum transfer. We will carry out simulations of electrons or atoms moving in small two-dimensional nanoscale systems, where the wave nature of particles produces large effects. This work involves training of undergraduates and postdocs, who become experts in complex systems with application to technology, defense, communications and finance. Recent postdocs have included several women. The principal investigator gives seminars on advances in physics for non-scientists, increasing scientific literacy in the general population. The PI is recently participating in a "Big History" collaboration involving physicists, astronomers, geologists, biologists and anthropologists. This collaboration has produced two symposia, a museum exhibit and a Web site, with plans to produce DVDs and a book in the future.