SBIR Phase I: Development of an Adaptive Dual-Fuel Injector to Enable High Efficiency Clean Combustion for SUV and Light Duty Truck Engines

这个小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目研究了自适应双燃料（ADF）喷射器的技术和商业优势以及潜在的商业可行性，用于直接喷射汽油和柴油燃料，以实现高效清洁燃烧。汽油和E85燃料是最广泛使用的燃料之一，但主要用于火花点火进气道喷射汽油发动机，其热效率比柴油发动机低30~40%。ADF喷油器的关键创新在于能够从单个喷油器中选择性地按需直接喷射汽油/E85和柴油。ADF喷射器可以同时减少NOx和颗粒物（PM）排放，并通过先进的低温燃烧提高发动机效率。在柴油机试验台上进行试验，可使汽油和E85燃料的效率提高30~40%。自适应双燃料喷射器还提供了使发动机能够使用纯柴油、汽油-柴油或E85-柴油双燃料运行的灵活性。第一阶段的工作包括设计，阿尔法原型，喷雾可视化成像和激光测量，以确定拟议的ADF喷射器的优点和可行性。该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力将对能源安全和环境保护产生重大影响。通过产学合作的工程研究，也可以加深对双燃料喷射特性的认识。双燃料喷射器提供了新的能力，其可以潜在地实现用于超高效清洁燃烧的变革性燃烧方法和制度。该项目将通过显著节省燃料成本使美国消费者受益，促进以低成本实施新的CAFE标准，并使美国经济受益。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project investigates the technical and commercial merits and potential commercial feasibility of an Adaptive Dual-Fuel (ADF) Injector for direct injection of gasoline and diesel fuels to enable high efficiency clean combustion. Gasoline and E85 fuels are among the most widely available fuels, but are mostly used on spark-ignition port injection gasoline engines with 30~40% less thermal efficiency than diesel engines. The key innovation of the ADF injector enables direct injections of both gasoline/E85 and diesel fuel selectively on-demand from a single injector. The ADF injector can enable simultaneous reduction of NOx and particular matter (PM) emissions and improve engine efficiency through advanced low temperature combustion. It can gain about 30~40% efficiency improvement for gasoline and E85 fuels by using a diesel engine platform. The adaptive dual-fuel injector also provides flexibility for enabling engines to run on either pure diesel, gasoline-diesel, or E85-diesel dual fuels. The Phase I work includes design, alpha prototyping, spray visualization imaging and laser measurements to identify merits and feasibility of the proposed ADF injector. The broader impact/commercial potential of this project will be significant benefits for energy security and environment protection. The industry-university collaborated engineering research can also provide deeper understanding on characteristics of dual fuel injection. The dual fuel injector provides new capabilities which can potentially enable transformative combustion methods and regimes for ultra high efficiency clean combustion. This project will significantly benefit US consumers through significant fuel cost saving, facilitate implementations of new CAFE standards with low cost, and benefit US economy.