SBIR Phase II: Development of an Adaptive Dual-Fuel Injector to Enable High Efficiency Clean Combustion for SUV and Light Duty Truck Engines

该小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目将对自适应双燃料（ADF）喷射器的性能优点和商业可行性进行原型设计、表征和验证。柴油发动机比进气道喷射汽油、火花点火发动机的效率高30~40%。汽油和E85燃料是最广泛使用的燃料之一，但主要用于火花点火汽油发动机，其热效率比柴油发动机低得多。ADF喷油器的关键创新在于能够从单个喷油器中选择性地按需直接喷射汽油/E85和柴油。ADF喷射器可以实现先进的燃烧模式，这些模式已经证明通过先进的低温燃烧同时减少NOx和颗粒物（PM）排放并提高发动机效率。通过ADF喷射器实现的先进燃烧模式可以通过在压缩点火燃烧模式中使用汽油和/或E85燃料将汽油/E85发动机的热效率提高约30~40%。自适应双燃料喷射器还提供了使发动机能够使用纯柴油、汽油-柴油或E85-柴油双燃料运行的灵活性。第二阶段的工作包括原型设计，喷雾可视化成像和基于激光的测量，计算优化和单缸发动机燃烧测试，以证明拟议的ADF喷射器的商业可行性。该项目的更广泛/商业影响涉及能源安全和环境保护的重大利益。潜在客户包括发动机OEM和汽车制造商。该项目将大大有利于美国消费者通过节省燃料成本，使低成本的方法，以满足新的CAFE标准，并有利于美国经济的扩大？绿色？制造基地。在这项工作中开发和分析的双燃料喷射器提供了新的功能，可以实现超高效率，清洁燃烧的变革性燃烧方法。工业-大学合作工程研究直接支持研究生研究，并将培训和教育未来的劳动力，为他们提供应对能源利用挑战所需的知识和技能。研究和开发工作，重点是一个具有全球重要性的关键问题，将广泛传播给发动机设计师，原始设备制造商和研究人员，而下一代工程师正在接受培训。

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will prototype, characterize, and verify performance merits and the commercial viability of an Adaptive Dual-Fuel (ADF) Injector. Diesel engines are 30~40% more efficient than port-injected gasoline, spark-ignited engines. Gasoline and E85 fuels are among the most widely available fuels, but are mostly used on spark-ignition gasoline engines with much lower thermal efficiency than diesel engines. The key innovation of the ADF injector enables direct-injections of both gasoline/E85 and diesel fuel selectively on-demand from a single injector. The ADF injector can enable advanced combustion modes that have demonstrated simultaneous reduction of NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions and improved engine efficiency through advanced low temperature combustion. The advanced combustion mode enabled by the ADF injector can improve the thermal efficiency of gasoline/E85 engines by approximately 30~40% by using gasoline and/or E85 fuels in a compression ignition combustion mode. The adaptive dual-fuel injector also provides flexibility for enabling engines to run on either pure diesel, gasoline-diesel, or E85-diesel dual fuels. The Phase II work includes prototyping, spray visualization imaging and laser based measurements, computational optimization, and single-cylinder engine combustion testing to demonstrate the commercial viability of the proposed ADF injector. The broader/commercial impacts of this project pertain to significant benefits for energy security and environmental protection. The potential customers include engine OEMs and auto makers. This project will significantly benefit US consumers through fuel cost saving, enable low cost methods to meet the new CAFE standards, and benefit the US economy by expanding the ?green? manufacturing base. The dual fuel injector, developed and analyzed in this work, provides new capabilities, which can enable transformative combustion methods for ultra-high efficiency, clean combustion. The industry-university collaborative engineering research directly support graduate student research and will train and educate the workforce of the future, providing them with the knowledge and skills needed to address the challenges of energy utilization. The research and development efforts, which focus on a critical problem of global importance, will be widely disseminated to engine designers, OEMs, and researchers, while the next generation of engineers is being trained.