Investigations of a 17th-Century Spanish New Mexican Household: Social and Environmental Correlates of Colonization

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，希瑟·特里格（Heather Trigg）和约翰·斯坦伯格（John Steinberg）将对新墨西哥州最重要的早期殖民时期（公元1598 - 1680年）西班牙遗址之一进行遥感和恢复记录。LA 20000是迄今为止考古发现的最大、最复杂、保存最完好的17世纪西班牙新墨西哥牧场。17世纪是殖民者和土著人建立关系的初期殖民时期。西班牙殖民者的家庭为西班牙人、普韦布洛人和平原人之间的文化交流提供了一个重要的背景。然而，到目前为止，它们是关于西南地区殖民过程的未开发的信息来源，因为大多数调查都集中在普韦布洛村庄或这些村庄内的方济各会传教。这一时期也是殖民者农业活动习惯形成的时期。Drs。特里格和斯坦伯格还试图调查殖民者在引进新植物、动物和土地使用方式时发展起来的生态关系。LA 20,000有可能揭示西班牙殖民者是如何在这种新的社会和自然环境中建立自己的，但是现场记录的状态使得很难进行分析，从而使人们能够调查美国西南部西班牙社会的起源。20世纪80年代和90年代，考古学校对LA 20,000的部分进行了研究，但关于藏品和地图的信息甚至不足以确定现有的样本和文物是否足以解决有关殖民者社会和生态关系的问题。为了解决这个问题，dr。Trigg和Steinberg将检查现场记录，目的是评估回收材料的数量和分布以及在实地学校期间产生的空间数据的准确性。其次，他们将对遗址进行地球物理调查（遥感），以评估未发掘的考古特征的性质，并重新安置田野学校的发掘工作。根据这两项活动的结果，他们将聘请其他人员评价与整个项目目标有关的现有数据，这些目标旨在调查现场的经济生产、土著人民参与这些活动的情况以及与附近普韦布洛村庄的社会和经济联系。该研究项目将为学生提供考古研究各方面的教育和培训。该项目的第一阶段将雇用研究生从事地理信息系统的数据收集和数据管理。来自较大项目的材料将产生至少一篇博士论文和几篇硕士论文。除了学生的专业发展外，这项研究还将为公众提供信息。该遗址归El Rancho de las Golondrinas所有，这是一家致力于向公众介绍当地西班牙历史和文化的活历史博物馆。特里格和斯坦伯格将与戈隆德里纳斯合作，开发可以纳入博物馆教育计划的信息，这里收集的信息将有助于博物馆对该网站的藏品管理策略。

With National Science Foundation support, Drs. Heather Trigg and John Steinberg will conduct remote sensing and revitalize the records for one of the most important early colonial (AD 1598 - 1680) Spanish sites in New Mexico. LA 20,000 is the largest, most complex, and best-preserved seventeenth-century Spanish New Mexican ranch thus far identified archaeologically. The seventeenth century is the period of initial colonization when relationships between colonists and indigenous peoples were established. Spanish colonists' households provided an important context for intercultural exchanges among Spanish, Pueblo and Plains peoples. However, as yet, they are untapped sources of information about colonization processes in the Southwest because most investigations have focused on Pueblo villages or Franciscan missions within these villages. This is also a period when colonists' agricultural activities practices were instituted. Drs. Trigg and Steinberg also seek to investigate the ecological relationships colonists developed as they introduced new plants, animals, and land use practices. LA 20,000 has the potential to shed light on how Spanish colonizers established themselves in this novel social and physical environment, but the state of the site records makes it difficult to frame the analyses that would allow one to investigate these beginnings of Hispanic society in the American Southwest.Portions of LA 20,000 have been studied by archaeological field schools in the 1980s and 1990s, but the information about the collections and maps is insufficient to even ascertain if the existing samples and artifacts are adequate to tackle questions about colonists' social and ecological relationships. To address this problem, Drs. Trigg and Steinberg will examine the site records with the goal of assessing the quantity and distribution of the material recovered and accuracy of the spatial data generated during the field schools. Second, they will perform a geophysical survey (remote sensing) of the site to assess the nature of unexcavated archaeological features and relocate the field school excavations. With the results from these two activities, they will engage other personnel in evaluating the existing data relative to the overall project goals, which seek to investigate the economic production at the site, the engagement of indigenous peoples in these activities, and the social and economic links to nearby Pueblo villages. This research project will provide for the education and training of students in various aspects of archaeological research. This first phase of the project will employ graduate students in data collection in GIS (geographic information systems) and data management. The material from the larger project will generate at least one Ph.D. dissertation and several MA theses. In addition to the students' professional development, this research will provide information to the general public. The site is owned by El Rancho de las Golondrinas, a living history museum dedicated to bringing local Hispanic history and culture to the public. Trigg and Steinberg will partner with Golondrinas to develop information that can be included in the museum's educational programs, and the information gathered here will assist the museum in their collections management strategy for this site.