AGS-PRF: Improved Model Representations of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol Formation for Prediction of its Impacts on Air Quality and Climate

这项研究的目的是(1)利用生物质燃烧(BB)排放和化学的协同测量来更好地了解烟雾羽流中导致二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的基本化合物和过程，以及(2)开发一个二次有机气溶胶模型框架，以改进对受火灾影响地区有机气溶胶形成和传输的预测。在这项研究中，美国林业局火灾科学实验室将在米苏拉第四火灾实验室(FLAME-IV)期间使用二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱仪(GCxGC/TOFMS)对火灾排放中的SOA前体及其反应产物进行详细的化学分析。GCxGC分析，加上FLOW-IV运动的补充气体和颗粒相测量，将被用来开发一个描述SOA形成的过程级模型，包括在羽流稀释过程中从初级颗粒蒸发的成分的贡献。该模块随后将被纳入一个全面的烟羽模型，该模型包括计算气溶胶吸水量和光学性质，从而改进对火灾辐射强迫的评估，以及对BB污染物的形成和输送的预测，以评估火灾的空气质量。这项工作将在波特兰州立大学(PSU)凯利·巴桑蒂教授的指导下进行。几种潜在的更广泛的影响与这项研究有关。FLAME-IV运动将汇集来自其他十个机构的研究人员及其相关仪器，建立新的伙伴关系和数据集，以补充PSU的分析。烟羽SOA模型框架可以被改编并集成到公共可用的模型中(例如，EPA的社区多尺度空气质量模型，CMAQ)，以供更广泛的科学界和全国政策制定者使用。例如，美国各地的市政当局可以使用CMAQ的这种增强功能来预测BB-SOA的形成和传输，以便为规定的燃烧计划提供信息，以保持符合国家颗粒物标准，或在野火活动期间提供空气质量警报。该项目将为首席调查员提供职业发展培训，此外还将提供更多的联网和外联机会(例如，作为PSU科学和工程学徒计划的一部分，指导代表性不足的高中生)。在巴黎大学气候和气溶胶研究中心下，通过协助协调向公众开放的与气候有关的研讨会和参加K-12课堂访问，有更多的机会直接参与社区参与。这些不同的外联活动将为加强大气科学教育和促进研究与教育的结合提供重要途径。

The aim of this research is to (1) leverage collaborative measurements of biomass burning (BB) emissions and chemistry to better understand the essential compounds and processes contributing to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in smoke plumes, and (2) develop an SOA model framework to improve predictions of organic aerosol formation and transport in fire-influenced regions. In this study, detailed chemical analyses of SOA precursors in fire emissions and their reaction products will be conducted at the US Forest Service Fire Science Laboratory using two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-IV). GCxGC analyses, augmented by complementary gas- and particle-phase measurements from the FLAME-IV campaign, will be used to develop a process-level model describing SOA formation, including the contribution of components evaporating from primary particles during plume dilution. The SOA module will be subsequently integrated into a comprehensive smoke plume model that includes calculations of aerosol water uptake and optical properties, thereby allowing improved assessments of fire-induced radiative forcing, as well as predictions of BB pollutant formation and transport for assessment of air quality downwind of fires. The work will be conducted under the mentorship of Prof. Kelley Barsanti at Portland State University (PSU).Potential broader impacts of several kinds are associated with this research. The FLAME-IV campaign will bring together researchers and their associated instrumentation from ten other institutions, creating new partnerships and datasets that are complementary to the PSU analyses. The smoke plume SOA model framework can be adapted and integrated into publically-available models (e.g., EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality model, CMAQ) for access by the broader scientific community and policymakers nationwide. For example, such enhancements of CMAQ for predictions of BB-SOA formation and transport may be used by municipalities throughout the U.S. to inform scheduling of prescribed burns to maintain compliance with national particulate matter standards or to provide air quality alerts during wildfire activity. The project will provide the principal investigator with career development training in addition to enhanced opportunities for networking and outreach (e.g., mentoring underrepresented high-school students as part of the Apprenticeships in Science and Engineering program at PSU). Under the Center for Climate and Aerosol Research (CCAR) at PSU, additional opportunities exist for direct involvement in community engagement by assisting in the coordination of climate-related seminars accessible to the public and participating in K-12 classroom visits. These various outreach activities will provide important avenues for enhancing atmospheric science education and facilitating integration of research and education.