GOALI: Towards Predicting Fire Suppression Performance: Quantifying Fire-Spray Interactions

战略性地向燃烧的商品输送水是抑制意外火灾的最有效和最强有力的手段之一。由于其无可比拟的性能和通用性，水基灭火得到了广泛的应用。尽管与水基灭火相关的基本冷却(气体和表面)和氧气置换机制很容易识别，但开发详细的模型来支持灭火分析仍然是一个挑战，因为湍流、随机过程、尺度分离和复杂的化学对控制灭火性能的物理过程非常重要。灭火问题的巨大复杂性令人望而生畏。因此，建立评估抑制性能的分析能力的进展缓慢。缺乏这种分析能力，已将消防安全行业锁定在一个代价高昂的经验螺旋中，抑制了创新。分散的喷雾相互作用(与热气体、火焰和热辐射)和传递的喷雾相互作用(与燃烧和加热的目标表面)在确定灭火性能方面非常重要。这些分散和传递的喷雾相互作用代表了值得探索的丰富的运动学、热学和化学过程。通过平行的实验和数值活动，将使用标准的实验室尺度和全尺度构型来隔离和评估这些现象。先进的喷雾特性和流动诊断技术将被用来洞察局部抑制现象(对模型制定有用)，同时测量相关的积分量(对模型验证有用)。在相应的典型实验的基础上，将探索和发展喷雾传输、消光和辐射模拟技术，以应用于大规模湍流多相反应流动(即火灾)。这项研究为验证抑制性能提供了全面的基础，包括详细的规范实验、与工业相关的仪器齐全的全尺寸测试和协调分析。水基灭火系统(如喷水灭火系统、细水雾灭火系统、水龙带灭火系统)代表了用于生命安全和基础设施保护的真正无处不在的工程形式。潜在的压制技术在很大程度上植根于现象学观察、经验主义和资格测试。马里兰大学消防工程系与行业领先者合作，雄心勃勃地开展了有重点的实验和模型开发，为火灾安全分析中使用的基于计算的建模工具配备了经过验证的模型，使基于CFD的灭火性能评估向前迈进了一大步。这一能力将为工程师提供基于性能的灭火分析和设计所需的工具，可能会导致生命安全和基础设施保护的新技术和工程实践。这一努力将培养出5名博士生，他们在灭火方面拥有专业知识，并与行业有密切联系，同时提供了大量的本科生研究机会。这项工作还将支持由UM主办的年度灭火建模研讨会，该研讨会提供了一个论坛，讨论研究进展、行业挑战和新的工程方法。

Strategically delivering water to burning commodities is one of the most effective and robust means of suppressing accidental fires. Because of its unparalleled performance and versatility, water-based fire suppression is used extensively. Although the basic cooling (gas and surface) and O2 displacement mechanisms associated with water-based fire suppression are easy to identify, developing detailed models to support fire suppression analysis remains a challenge because of the turbulence, stochastic process, separation of scales, and complex chemistry important to the physical processes governing suppression performance. The enormous complexity of the fire suppression problem is daunting. As such, progress to establish analytical capabilities for evaluating suppression performance has been slow. The absence of this analytical capability has locked the fire safety industry into a costly empirical spiral inhibiting innovation. Dispersed spray interactions (with hot gases, flames, and thermal radiation) and delivered spray interactions (with burning and heated target surfaces) are important in determining fire suppression performance. These dispersed and delivered spray interactions represent rich kinematic, thermal, and chemical processes worthy of exploration. Canonical laboratory-scale and full-scale configurations will be used to isolate and evaluate these phenomena through parallel experimental and numerical activities. Advanced spray characterization and flow diagnostics will be employed to gain insight into local suppression phenomena (useful for model formulation) while simultaneously measuring relevant integral quantities (useful for model validation). Spray transport, extinction, and radiation modeling techniques will be explored and developed for application to large-scale turbulent multi-phase reacting flows (i.e. fire) based on the corresponding canonical experiments. This research offers a comprehensive foundation for validating suppression performance including detailed canonical experiments, well-instrumented full-scale tests relevant to industry, and harmonized analysis. Water-based fire suppression systems (e.g. sprinklers, water mists, hose streams) represent truly ubiquitous forms of engineering used for life safety and infrastructure protection. The underlying suppression technology is anchored largely in phenomenological observations, empiricism, and qualification tests. The University of Maryland Fire Protection Engineering Department has partnered with industry leaders in an ambitious effort to perform the focused experiments and model development required to equip computational based modeling tools used in fire safety analysis with validated models enabling a major step forward in CFD based evaluation of fire suppression performance. This capability will equip engineers with tools required for performance based fire suppression analysis and design perhaps leading to new technologies and engineering practices for life safety and infrastructure protection. The effort would produce 5 Ph.D. students with expertise in fire suppression and close connections with industry while providing numerous undergraduate research opportunities. This effort would also support an annual fire suppression modeling workshop hosted by UM providing a forum for research advances, industry challenges, and new engineering approaches.