The cultural change from the Aurignacian to the Gravettian in the light of variable strategies of residential mobility. Comparative techno-economic analyses of lithic assemblages

距今32 ~ 27 ka的时间段见证了人类进化史上一次强烈的社会经济变迁，这与从奥里尼亚克到格拉维特的文化变迁大致吻合。这一时期见证了一系列重要的新特征，这些特征是旧石器时代晚期考古记录的整体特征。特别是，格拉维特人非常大，密集使用的露天定居点，以及欧洲第一个明确的旧石器时代晚期墓葬的出现，首次证明了居住稳定性增加的模式。此外，格拉维特人的石器技术似乎对原材料的质量施加了更高的限制，因此有理由在100公里及以上的距离上运输更多数量的石器原材料。后者被解释为格拉维特时期的流动性水平高于以前的时期。因此，格拉维特时期似乎对应于一个高度移动的狩猎采集者的时期，他们有时会采用暂时的定居特征。然而，格拉维特人的狩猎采集者实际上比他们的前辈更移动的的程度仍然很难评估。此外，由于奥里尼亚克晚期的考古记录受到侵蚀间断的影响，只有少数几个可靠的遗址可以被分配到这个时间段，因此，阻碍了对从奥里尼亚克到格拉维特的文化转变的整体情况的准确评估。我的研究项目旨在通过技术手段首次系统地比较奥里尼亚克晚期和格拉维特早期。对选定的岩屑组合进行经济分析。调查是基于这样的假设，即32和27万年BP之间发生的深远的社会经济变化的原因的一个重要的关键是发现在不断变化的模式的住宅流动性和强度的网站占用，这反过来又反映在原材料供应和使用的策略。为了验证这一假设，我的分析旨在系统地重建和比较奥里尼亚克晚期和格拉维特早期的技术组织和原料经济。我以前的研究表明，在奥里尼亚克晚期，住宅流动性的降低和原材料选择性的增加已经成为了突出问题。在我以前的研究结果的基础上，我们将分析和评估弗里德里希斯多夫-索尔贝格（2010-2011年发掘）和斯特拉青/克雷姆斯-萨伯贝格（1988-1991年活动）的奥里尼亚克晚期组合。本研究的目的是仔细检查当前的文化历史模型的有效性，从奥里尼亚克文化的Gravettian和变化，最终，揭示新的光上旧石器时代晚期的岩石组合变异的解释。

The time period between 32 and 27 ka BP witnessed a strong socio-economic shift in human evolutionary history, which roughly coincides with the cultural change from the Aurignacian to the Gravettian. This period witnessed a series of important novel features characteristic for the Upper Palaeolithic archaeological record as a whole. Especially, the extremely large, intensively used open-air settlements of the Gravettian, alongside the appearance of the first unambiguous Upper Palaeolithic burials in Europe, attest for the first time to patterns of increased residential stability. Furthermore, the lithic technology of the Gravettian seems to have placed higher constraints on the quality of raw materials, thus justifying the transport of increased quantities of lithic raw materials over distances of 100 km and more. The latter has been interpreted in terms of higher mobility levels in the Gravettian compared to preceding time periods. Thus, the Gravettian seems to correspond to a time period of highly mobile hunter-gatherers, which at times adopted features of temporary sedentism. However, to which degree the hunter-gatherers of the Gravettian were actually more mobile than their predecessors remains difficult to assess. In addition, as the archaeological record of the late Aurignacian has been affected by erosional hiatuses, only a few reliably dated sites can be assigned to this time period, thus hampering an accurate assessment of the overall picture of the cultural shift from the Aurignacian to the Gravettian.My research project aims to present the first systematic comparison of the late Aurignacian and early Gravettian by means of techno-economic analyses of selected lithic assemblages. The investigation is based on the hypothesis that an important key to the causes of the far-reaching socio-economic changes occurring between 32 and 27 ka BP is to be found in changing patterns of residential mobility and intensity of site occupation, which in turn are reflected in strategies of raw material provisioning and use. In order to verify this hypothesis, my analyses aim to systematically reconstruct and compare the technological organization and raw material economy during the late Aurignacian and the early Gravettian. My previous investigations show that decreased residential mobility and increased raw material selectivity already come to the fore in the late Aurignacian. Building on my previous results, the late Aurignacian assemblages of Friedrichsdorf-Seulberg (excavations 2010-2011) and Stratzing/Krems-Rehberg (campaigns 1988-1991) will be analysed and evaluated. The research objective is to scrutinize the validity of the current cultural-historical models with regard to the cultural change from the Aurignacian to the Gravettian and, ultimately, to shed new light on the interpretation of Upper Palaeolithic lithic assemblage variability.