RAPID: What Model for Public-Private Partnerships?: Lessons from Existing Consortia for Administration of the U.S. National Network for Manufacturing Innovation

该项目分析了现有的美国联盟模型，特别是在半导体研究公司，为美国国家制造业创新网络（NNMI）的治理和成功指标提供信息。 它及时准备见解，为2012年5月8日刚刚启动的制造业创新试点研究所和2013年扩大的NNMI提供治理和成功指标。智力优势：过去的研究一直发现，联盟对参与者在其目标技术领域的研究生产力产生了积极影响。然而，这项研究在很大程度上未能提供成功的财团治理的见解。SEMATECH可以说是政府-工业研究联盟最著名的例子之一，也是一个广泛宣传的成功例子。然而，SEMATECH的例子还有许多需要改进的地方。 也许最重要的是，它的重点主要是在纵向合作的背景下进行短期（1-3年）研发，以支持设备供应商的进步。因此，虽然在某些方面取得了成功，但SEMATECH未能提供长期横向合作研究努力的合作研发范例;事实上，在这一特定背景下，SEMATECH提供了早期失败的范例。然而，正是这种长期技术发展的横向协调，对于在垂直分解的供应链中的众多机构中有效推进创新可能尤为重要，在将新兴技术引入成熟行业并帮助他们发展自己的行业时也至关重要-这些问题对振兴美国制造业至关重要。随着企业研发实验室的减少以及供应链的全球化和垂直分解，美国创新生态系统在保持其经济和技术优势、增加整个经济的就业机会以及支持长期技术和经济增长方面面临前所未有的挑战。 为了应对这些挑战，工业界、政府和学术界的管理者必须找到携手合作的方法，以应对他们每个人以及整个国家面临的共同挑战。在这一新环境中，研究联盟（作为一个公司和整个市场之间的中间组织形式）拥有巨大的潜在机会，可以实现更好的创新政策成果。

This project analyzes existing U.S. consortia models, in particular, at the Semiconductor Research Corporation, to inform governance of and success metrics for the U.S. National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI). It prepares insights in time to inform governance and success metrics for the Pilot Institute for Manufacturing Innovation just launched on May 8, 2012 and the 2013 expansion of NNMI. Intellectual Merit: Past research has consistently found a positive impact of consortia on the research productivity of participants in the technological areas they target. This research, however, has largely failed to provide insights into successful consortium governance. Arguably one of the most famous examples of a government-industry research consortium, and one with widely-touted success, is SEMATECH. The example of SEMATECH, however, leaves much to be desired. Perhaps most importantly, its focus is primarily on short-term (1-3 year) R&D in the context of vertical collaboration to support the advancement of equipment suppliers. Thus while successful on certain axes, SEMATECH fails to provide an example of collaborative R&D for long-term horizontally-collaborative research efforts; as a matter of fact, in this specific context, SEMATECH provides an example of early failure. And yet, it is precisely this type of horizontal coordination of long-term technology development that may be particularly crucial to advancing innovation effectively across a multitude of institutions in a vertically disintegrated supply chain, as can be critical when introducing emerging technologies into established industries and helping them develop industries of their own -- issues central to revitalizing U.S. manufacturing. Broader Impacts: With the decline of corporate R&D labs and the globalization and vertical disintegration of the supply chain, the United States innovation ecosystem faces unprecedented challenges in maintaining its economic and technological predominance, increasing jobs throughout the economy, and supporting long-term technical and economic growth. For these challenges to be met, managers in industry, government, and academia must find ways to work hand-in-hand toward meeting the common challenges facing each of them as well as the nation as a whole. In this new environment, research consortia (as intermediate forms of organization, between a single firm and the overall market) hold tremendous potential opportunities to achieve improved innovation policy outcomes.